Physics

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Physicists explore principles of energy, motion and matter, and they apply those principles as they conduct experiments and test relevant scientific theories. The majority of physicists work in research and development, and they may conduct their work at either privately owned laboratories, universities, or at government facilities. Most physicist positions require individuals to hold doctorate degrees in fields related to astronomy or physics, and postdoctoral experience may also be required for some positions. Although licensure is not typically required for professionals in this field, some government positions may require physicists to submit to background checks in order to gain security clearances. Undergraduate Degree:
Bachelor's degree programs in physics focus on foundational Science and math and can prepare aspiring physicists for graduate school. Core courses may include engineering physics, electricity and magnetism, quantum mechanics and thermodynamics. While physicists typically hold graduate degrees, those with Bachelor's degrees in physics may find positions as technicians or research assistants. These professionals may work in software and network development and other engineering fields. Master's Degree:
Master of Science in Physics programs typically last two years. Coursework often focuses on various topics in the field, such as quantum, classical and statistical mechanics, and may incorporate thesis projects. A growing number of master's degree programs prepare students for research careers in physics that do not require doctoral degrees. Master's degree holders, like baccalaureate holders, are usually not qualified for university research positions; however, they may fill teaching, manufacturing and industry research positions. Doctoral Degree:
Ph.D. Students may focus on a specialisation of the field, such as general, optical or condensed matter physics, and pursue that specialty throughout their careers. Coursework is designed according to specialty. After passing a candidacy exam and submitting a proposal, students are typically required to complete a dissertation project. Physicist positions in independent research, management and university-level teaching generally require doctoral degrees. Postdoctoral Experience:
Before launching their careers, many Ph.D. physicists continue their education in postdoctoral research positions. They conduct research in their specialty under the supervision of experienced physicists.