Programming Languages

Firstly, I'd be cautious to make a claim that C++ is better than Java. There are pros and cons to both sides.
C++ is basically more power to the programmer (since one can break past all sorts of abstractions), and runs natively instead of on a virtual environment (and hence is also platform dependent). A C++ application can manage its own memory in more finer ways than a Java app can. In C++, one can overload operators, access physical addresses and override values there. One can throw and catch any type (.) and do some nasty stuff around all that. On the other hand, in Java, one can sit back and basically just deal with OO abstractions and code them up in one-way, regardless of the underlying platform. Fine-grained memory management is harder. One can play around with GC params for optimizations and get really far this way, but anything more is not really achievable. In C++, you can easily get as deep as you want to.
But, also remember, with great power comes great responsibility. An irresponsible Java developer would be less harmful to your software, than an irresponsible C++ developer would be. In that sense, Java is a relatively easier and simpler language to work with, than C++ is. With C++, a lot of responsibility and burden is on the shoulders of the programmer and with Java, a lot of this, is taken care of, by the system.
There is also a popular performance myth with C++ and Java. Since C++ runs natively, it used to run faster in most platforms than Java does, given the VM is basically emulated. However, this is increasingly being rendered moot, as JVMs end up being very powerful, and processor speeds and architectures have evolved a lot over time.

Hi,
These are some of your options today as a JavaScript developer.
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript/JQuery: You can make stand alone websites or websites that connect to a back-end, which will be handled by a separate team. You might have to work on frameworks such as Bootstrap and Semantic UI (which make your job a lot easier once mastered).
Angular/ Backbone/ React/ Vue/ Ember: All of these are JavaScript frameworks/libraries for building single page, highly interactive websites. Consider these as an icing on top of everything mentioned in the previous point. All of these solve the same problem differently, and you will have to work with whatever suits your or your employers needs.
Node JS: Thanks to Node, you can also dive into the back end/server side programming without having programmed in any other language except JavaScript.
The MEAN/MERN stack: Pick an MV* framework from point 2, add Node from point 3, and throw in a database (Mongo DB in this case). There, you are now a full stack JavaScript developer. Okay, you are not, but you just added a lot of value to yourself.
Mobile/cross platform app development with Ionic/PhoneGap/React Native: All of these use JavaScript and other supporting technologies. Not many people take them seriously though.
There are also complete solutions like Meteor, which pretty much handle the back end for you, and let you focus on the UI. You can choose from Angular, Blaze, and React for the UI.
To sum it up, there are ton of opportunities right now, but that doesnt mean its going to be like this forever. If we were talking about something rock solid, like Java, I could rest easy knowing my job is secure, at least for a while. With the web, its a new, shiny thing everyday. We love jumping wagons.
All the best.

.NET is an Object Oriented Programming language which can be used for building and running of software applications for Windows, Windows Server, Windows Phone, Microsoft Azure, and XML Web services. It is included as a part of the curriculum for various degree courses in computer science and computer applications in many Indian universities. However, this course can be pursued separately as a certification program in any computer training institute. In the latter case, the time duration, fees and eligibility criteria vary from one institute to another.
On a personal node, I would suggest NIIT, GNIIT and Appin Technology Lab for enrolling into a certification course in .NET. These choices have been made considering the widespread reachability, affordable fees and placement opportunities provided on completion of the course. However, other institutes can also be a good alternative, provided they have good faculties. The key concept is to have a clear idea about the programming concepts, paradigm and ability to find a solution to any problem.

Since you aren't a complete novice, I think you're ready for C++, for the following reasons:
It's dangerous. Some may think this is a reason to avoid it, but these are things you are going to have to learn.
It's close to the hardware. This makes it fast and optimization and also suitable for tiny little boxes.
It has a good preprocessor. It's as dangerous as juggling chainsaws, but when you start developing a code base that has to compile on multiple systems, you'll really appreciate it.
It has objects without pointers. Traditional objects always have pointers. C++ lets you have objects that are not allocated and not accessed by pointers. Instead, they look like any other data type. This allows some choices that you might not ordinarily make when thinking in terms of objects, which, because of 2, you can optimize to zero cost for production. My favorite example is units. We lost a $328 million Mars orbiter because of different units of measurement (see MARS CLIMATE ORBITER TEAM FINDS LIKELY CAUSE OF LOSS). It's easy to make a units system in C++ and tweak it for hacking, debugging, and running. Also think currencies.
It has a template system. I think this is the most amazing thing about C++ per se. It has been reported that the system is so powerful because of an early implementation made it more powerful than specified. Good. When you can use templates effectively in C++, you're an expert in C++.

Best books for JAVA -
Head First Java, 2nd Edition - OReilly Media
Thinking in Java (4th Edition)
Java: A Beginners Guide (Sixth Edition) by Herbert Schildt
Introduction to Programming in Java by Robert Sedgewick
Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java by C.Thomas wu
Java in a Nutshell
Beginning Programming with Java For Dummies, 4th Edition by Barry Burd
"The Java Programming Language" by Ken Arnold,James, Gosling,David Holmes.
Core Java Volume I Fundamentals (10th Edition) by Cay S. Horstmann
Java How To Program (late objects) by Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel
Effective Java (2nd Edition): Joshua Bloch
Java Performance: Charlie Hunt, Binu John
Head First Servlets and JSP
SCJP by Kathy and Sierra
Java - The Complete Reference by Herbert Schildt.
Java Concurrency in Practice
Java Performance
Java Puzzlers : Traps, Pitfalls and Corner Cases.

Hello,
Job opportunities in government sector:
These days government at all levels are trying to reduce manpower. This is because, the expenses on salary are nearing 50%. Whereas, as per norms, it should not go beyond 35%. So, how does government function, it is functioning nowadays, by simply outsourcing many activities that it did earlier. This avoid expenses on permanent staff of the government. In addition, people are happy as they are getting the services efficiently.
In such scenario, it is useless to wait for government job. However, some recruitment will definitely occur. But, it is going to be on a lesser scale than in earlier years.
This does not mean that jobs have shrunk. There have just shifted from government domain to private domain. Of course, being in private domain means the candidates need to be on their toes always.

Ruby is a powerful, flexible programming language you can use in web/Internet development, to process text, to create games, and as part of the popular Ruby on Rails web framework. Ruby is a scripting language designed by Yukihiro Matsumoto, also known as Matz. It runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language.
Ruby is a powerful, flexible programming language you can use in web/Internet development, to process text, to create games, and as part of the popular Ruby on Rails web framework. Ruby is a scripting language designed by Yukihiro Matsumoto, also known as Matz. It runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. Ruby is a dynamic, reflective, object-oriented, general-purpose programming language.
1. You must know the object oriented programming principles.
2. You must know UML modeling.
3. Data structure knowledge is must before coding in any programming language.
Eligibility: Bachelor of Technology, Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Computer Application, Master of Technology, Master of Engineering, Master of Science and Master of Computer Application.
Admission process: If you are qualified just look for the right Institute and apply nothing fancy.

For a Java developer, having a strong understanding of Object-Oriented Programming is a must.
Master the core APIs- It doesn't matter how strong you are in terms of theoretical knowledge if you don't know the language constructs and core APIs.
Keep coding- Things look simpler when talking about them theoretically. We can give a solution to a problem very easy in theory. But we can realize the depth of the problem when we start implementing our approach. You will come to know the language limitations, or design best practices while coding. So keep coding.
Subscribe to forums -When starting to work on a new technology the best and first thing to do is subscribe to the relevant technology forums. Whatever the issue you are facing, someone else in the world might have already faced it earlier and might have found the solution. And it would be really really great if you can answer the questions asked by other forum users.
Read open source frameworks source code- A good developer will learn how to use a framework. But if you want to be an outstanding developer you should study the source code of various successful, popular frameworks where you can see the internal working mechanism of the framework and lot of best practices. It will help a lot in using the frameworks in a very effective way.
Know the technology trends- In the open source software development technology trends keep on changing.
Know different development methodologies- Nowadays choosing the development methodology depends on the client. Some clients prefer Agile and some clients are happy with waterfall model. So having an idea of various methodologies would be great.
J2EE would be a better choice as its an extended version. So, definitely opt for that.

Some questions for JAVA developers -
Which is the superclass of all classes?
Differentiate between J2SDK 1.5 and J2SDK 5.0?
What are wrapper classes?
What is the ThreadLocal class? How and why would you use it?
What is the volatile keyword? How and why would you use it?
What is runtime polymorphism or dynamic method dispatch?
What is the number of bits used to represent ASCII, Unicode, the UTF-16, and the UTF-8 characters?
Is it possible to import same package or class twice? Will the JVM load the package twice at runtime?
What is the difference between System.out, System.err, and System.in?
What is the Java Classloader? List and explain the purpose of the three types of class loaders?
What are the differences between Heap and Stack Memory?
What are the differences between Get and Post methods?
How do cookies work in Servlets?