TOEFL Vocabulary 2024: Common Words, Top 100 List, Flashcards

TOEFL

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Raushan
Raushan Kumar
Assistant Manager Content
Updated on Oct 7, 2024 16:39 IST

Building a strong vocabulary is very important for achieving a high score on the TOEFL exam. By focusing on top TOEFL words and using effective study strategies, you can enhance your language skills and improve your overall performance on the test. Regular practice and exposure to these common TOEFL words will help you feel more confident when taking the exam.

TOEFL Vocabulary

The TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is a crucial assessment test for non-native English speakers aiming to study in English-speaking countries. The TOEFL exam assesses a candidates' reading, listening, writing and speaking abilities. 

Knowing TOEFL vocabulary 2024 is essential from a preparation point of view, as it covers a major portion in an academic context. The test assesses candidates' understanding of idiomatic expressions, academic terminology, and context-specific TOEFL words. It is estimated that test-takers should aim for a TOEFL vocabulary of around 4,500 words, or 3,500 word families, to achieve a good score. So, knowing the TOEFL vocabulary words is important for candidates who want to score good marks in the TOEFL exam. 

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Mastering TOEFL vocabulary is crucial for success on the TOEFL. A strong vocabulary not only enhances your understanding of reading and listening passages but also improves your speaking and writing skills. While preparing with common toefl vocabulary words, candidates will have a good grasp on almost all four sections of TOEFL test, Reading, Listening, Speaking and Writing. In the article below we have given a detailed list of essential vocabulary words for TOEFL exam, along with their meanings, examples and more.








Common TOEFL Vocabulary Words

One can check the list of TOEFL vocabulary from below with their meaning and example.

Word

Definition

Example

Accolade

An award or privilege granted as a special honor.

The author received numerous accolades for her latest novel.

Acquiesce

To accept something reluctantly but without protest.

He acquiesced to his parents' wishes without argument.

Alleviate

To make something less severe or serious.

The medication helped alleviate her pain.

Ambiguous

Open to more than one interpretation; unclear.

The instructions were ambiguous, leading to confusion.

Antagonize

To cause someone to become hostile.

His comments antagonized his colleagues.

Candid

Truthful and straightforward; frank.

She gave a candid answer during the interview.

Coerce

To persuade someone to do something by using force or threats.

They were coerced into signing the contract.

Condone

To accept and allow behavior that is considered morally wrong.

The school does not condone cheating in any form.

Dissent

The expression of opinions that differ from those previously held; to disagree.

There was dissent among the members regarding the new policy.

Elicit

To draw out a response or reaction.

The teacher's question elicited thoughtful responses from the students.

Facilitate

To make an action or process easier.

The new software will facilitate communication between departments.

Frugal

Sparing or economical with regard to money or food; thrifty.

She leads a frugal lifestyle, saving money wherever possible.

Incessant

Continuing without pause or interruption; unceasing.

The incessant noise made it hard to concentrate.

Mitigate

To make it less severe, serious, or painful.

Steps were taken to mitigate the impact of the disaster.

Obsolete

No longer in use; outdated.

Many technologies become obsolete within a few years.

Plausible

Seemingly reasonable or probable; believable.

Her explanation was plausible enough to convince the committee.

Scrutinize

To examine closely and critically.

The accountant scrutinized the financial records for discrepancies.

Ubiquitous

Present everywhere at once; widespread.

Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society.

Validate

To check or prove the validity or accuracy of something.

The results of the experiment need to be validated by further testing.

Whimsical

Fanciful; unpredictable; playful in an appealing way.

The artist's whimsical style captivated many viewers.

Advanced Vocabulary TOEFL Words

Word

Definition

Example

Elicit

To draw out a response or reaction.

The teacher's question elicited thoughtful responses from the students.

Mitigate

To make it less severe or intense.

Doctors rushed towards the ward to mitigate the impact of pain.

Nefarious

Wicked; evil in nature.

The villain in the story had a nefarious plan to take over the world.

Obsolete

No longer in use; outdated.

Many technologies become obsolete within a few years.

Pervasive

Spreading widely throughout an area or group.

The pervasive influence of social media can be seen in everyday life.

Scrutinize

To examine closely and critically.

The accountant scrutinized the financial records for discrepancies.

Tenacious

Persistent; determined in maintaining something valued.

Her tenacious spirit helped her overcome numerous obstacles.

Transparent

Clear; easily understood; open to scrutiny.

The company's transparent policies foster trust among employees.

Ubiquitous

Present everywhere; widespread.

Smartphones have become ubiquitous in modern society.

Zeal

Great enthusiasm or passion for a cause.

He approached his volunteer work with zeal and dedication.

Top TOEFL Vocabulary Words

One can check the top 130+ TOEFL vocabulary list from the table. 

Word Meaning Usage Example
Abate To become less intense or widespread
The storm finally abated after several hours of heavy rain.
Acumen The ability to make good judgments and quick decisions
Her business acumen helped the startup become profitable within its first year.
Alacrity Brisk and cheerful readiness
She accepted the challenging assignment with alacrity, eager to prove herself.
Altruistic Showing a disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others
Her altruistic decision to donate a kidney to a stranger saved a life.
Ambiguous Open to more than one interpretation; not having one obvious meaning
The **ambiguous** statement left room for multiple interpretations.
Ameliorate Make (something bad or unsatisfactory) better
The new policies were designed to **ameliorate** working conditions in factories.
Beguile Charm or enchant (someone), often in a deceptive way
The con artist tried to **beguile** the elderly woman into revealing her bank details.
Benevolent Well-meaning and kindly
The **benevolent** philanthropist donated millions to support education in underprivileged areas.
Benign Gentle and kindly
The **benign** old man always had a smile for the neighborhood children.
Bombastic High-sounding but with little meaning; inflated
The **bombastic** speech was full of grand promises but lacking in substance.
Brevity Concise and exact use of words in writing or speech
The speaker was praised for the **brevity** and clarity of his presentation.
Cacophony A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds
The **cacophony** of car horns and sirens filled the busy city street.
Callous Showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others
His **callous** remarks about the tragedy shocked everyone present.
Candid Truthful and straightforward; frank
In a **candid** interview, the actress spoke openly about her struggles.
Capricious Given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior
The **capricious** weather made it difficult to plan outdoor activities.
Cognizant Having knowledge or awareness
The manager was **cognizant** of the team's concerns and addressed them promptly.
Conundrum A confusing and difficult problem or question
The company faced a **conundrum**: cut costs or invest in new technology.
Dearth A scarcity or lack of something
There was a **dearth** of qualified candidates for the specialized position.
Dichotomy A division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different
The **dichotomy** between rural and urban life became more pronounced as technology advanced.
Didactic Intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive
The **didactic** nature of the film made it feel more like a lecture than entertainment.
Dilemma A situation in which a difficult choice has to be made
She faced a **dilemma**: accept the job offer or continue her education.
Diligent Showing persistent and hardworking effort
The **diligent** student spent hours reviewing her notes before the exam.
Dogmatic Inclined to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true
His **dogmatic** approach to teaching left little room for student discussion or debate.
Eclectic Deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources
The restaurant's **eclectic** menu featured dishes from various world cuisines.
Eloquent Fluent or persuasive in speaking or writing
His **eloquent** speech moved the audience to tears.
Enigmatic Difficult to interpret or understand; mysterious
The **enigmatic** smile of the Mona Lisa has puzzled art historians for centuries.
Ephemeral Lasting for a very short time
The beauty of cherry blossoms is **ephemeral**, lasting only a few days each year.
Erudite Having or showing great knowledge or learning
The **erudite** professor could discuss a wide range of academic subjects.
Facetious Treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor
His **facetious** comment about the budget cuts was not well-received.
Fastidious Very attentive to and concerned about accuracy and detail
The **fastidious** chef insisted on using only the freshest ingredients in his dishes.
Fickle Changing frequently, especially as regards one's loyalties or affections
His **fickle** nature made it difficult for him to commit to long-term relationships.
Frugal Economical in use or expenditure
Living on a tight budget, she learned to be **frugal** with her spending.
Furtive Attempting to avoid notice or attention, typically because of guilt or a belief that discovery would lead to trouble; secretive
He cast a **furtive** glance over his shoulder before entering the abandoned building.
Galvanize Shock or excite (someone) into taking action
The tragic event **galvanized** the community into fighting for stricter safety laws.
Garrulous Excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters
The **garrulous** passenger made it impossible for others to sleep on the long flight.
Gossamer Used to refer to something very light, thin, and insubstantial or delicate
The spider's web looked like **gossamer** threads in the morning sunlight.
Gregarious Fond of company; sociable
As a **gregarious** person, he always enjoyed attending social gatherings.
Gullible Easily persuaded to believe something; credulous
The **gullible** investor fell for the too-good-to-be-true investment scheme.
Haphazard Lacking any obvious principle of organization
The **haphazard** arrangement of furniture made the room look cluttered.
Harangue A lengthy and aggressive speech
The coach's **harangue** about teamwork lasted for over an hour after the game.
Harbinger A person or thing that announces or signals the approach of another
The first robin of spring is often seen as a **harbinger** of warmer weather.
Hegemony Leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others
The country's economic **hegemony** in the region was challenged by emerging markets.
Hierarchy A system in which members of an organization are ranked according to relative status or authority
The corporate **hierarchy** was clearly defined, with multiple levels of management.
Hubris Excessive pride or self-confidence
The company's **hubris** led them to underestimate their competitors, ultimately resulting in their downfall.
Iconoclast A person who attacks or criticizes cherished beliefs or institutions
As an **iconoclast** in the art world, she challenged traditional notions of beauty and form.
Imminent About to happen
With dark clouds gathering, a storm seemed **imminent**.
Imperative Of vital importance; crucial
It is **imperative** that we finish this project before the deadline.
Incessant Continuing without pause or interruption
The **incessant** noise from the construction site made it difficult to concentrate.
Ineffable Too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words
The beauty of the sunset over the ocean was truly **ineffable**.
Jaded Tired, bored, or lacking enthusiasm, typically after having had too much of something
After years of traveling, he became **jaded** and no longer excited by new destinations.
Jeopardize Put (someone or something) into a situation in which there is a danger of loss, harm, or failure
His reckless behavior **jeopardized** the success of the entire mission.
Jeopardize Put (someone or something) into a situation in which there is a danger of loss, harm, or failure
His reckless behavior **jeopardized** the success of the entire mission.
Jovial Cheerful and friendly
The **jovial** host made sure all his guests felt welcome at the party.
Juxtapose Place or deal with close together for contrasting effect
The artist chose to **juxtapose** images of war and peace in her latest work.
Kindle Light or set on fire; arouse or inspire (an emotion or feeling)
The professor's passion for literature **kindled** a love of reading in his students.
Kinetic Relating to or resulting from motion
The **kinetic** energy of the falling object increased as it accelerated towards the ground.
Kinship A feeling of being close or similar to other people or things
Despite their different backgrounds, they felt a strong **kinship** based on their shared experiences.
Knack An acquired or natural skill at doing something
She had a **knack** for explaining complex concepts in simple terms.
Kowtow Act in an excessively subservient manner
She refused to **kowtow** to her boss's unreasonable demands.
Labyrinth A complicated irregular network of passages or paths
The ancient castle was full of secret passages, forming a **labyrinth** for visitors.
Labyrinthine Complicated, torturous, or resembling a labyrinth
The **labyrinthine** plot of the mystery novel kept readers guessing until the very end.
Lethargic Sluggish and apathetic
After a heavy meal, he felt **lethargic** and decided to take a nap.
Loquacious Tending to talk a great deal; talkative
The **loquacious** guest dominated the dinner conversation, barely letting others speak.
Lucid Expressed clearly; easy to understand
Her **lucid** explanation of the complex theory helped everyone grasp the concept.
Luminous Bright or shining, especially in the dark
The **luminous** dial of the watch was easy to read even in low light conditions.
Maelstrom A powerful whirlpool in the sea or a river
The small boat was in danger of being pulled into the **maelstrom**.
Magnanimous Very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or less powerful person
The **magnanimous** winner graciously congratulated his opponents on their performance.
Magnanimous Very generous or forgiving, especially toward a rival or less powerful person
The **magnanimous** winner graciously congratulated his opponents on their performance.
Mellifluous Sweet or musical; pleasant to hear
The singer's **mellifluous** voice captivated the entire audience.
Meticulous Showing great attention to detail
The **meticulous** researcher double-checked every figure in her report.
Mitigate Make less severe, serious, or painful
The company took steps to **mitigate** the environmental impact of its operations.
Nebulous In the form of a cloud or haze; hazy
The contract's **nebulous** language left room for multiple interpretations.
Nefarious Wicked or criminal
The detective worked tirelessly to uncover the **nefarious** plot.
Nepotism The practice among those with power or influence of favoring relatives or friends, especially by giving them jobs
Accusations of **nepotism** arose when the CEO hired his inexperienced nephew for a senior position.
Nonchalant Feeling or appearing casually calm and relaxed; not displaying anxiety, interest, or enthusiasm
Despite the high-pressure situation, she remained **nonchalant** and composed.
Novice A person new to and inexperienced in a job or situation
As a **novice** driver, she was nervous about merging onto the highway.
Nuance A subtle difference in or shade of meaning, expression, or sound
The experienced wine taster could detect the subtle **nuances** in flavor.
Obfuscate Render obscure, unclear, or unintelligible
The politician tried to **obfuscate** the issue by using complex jargon and vague statements.
Oblivious Not aware of or concerned about what is happening around one
Engrossed in his book, he was **oblivious** to the commotion around him.
Obstinate Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action
Despite all evidence to the contrary, he remained **obstinate** in his beliefs.
Opaque Not able to be seen through; not transparent
The **opaque** curtains blocked out all light from the street.
Oscillate Move or swing back and forth in a regular rhythm
The pendulum continued to **oscillate** long after it was set in motion.
Ostracize Exclude from a society or group
The whistleblower was **ostracized** by his colleagues after exposing the company's illegal practices.
Panacea A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases
Exercise is often touted as a **panacea** for many health problems.
Paradigm A typical example or pattern of something; a model
The discovery of DNA's structure created a new **paradigm** in molecular biology.
Paradox A seemingly absurd or contradictory statement or proposition which when investigated may prove to be well founded or true
The phrase "less is more" is a famous **paradox** often applied in design and architecture.
Pernicious Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way
The **pernicious** influence of fake news on social media has become a significant concern.
Pervasive Spreading widely throughout an area or group of people
The **pervasive** smell of freshly baked bread filled the entire house.
Quandary A state of perplexity or uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation
She found herself in a **quandary**, unsure whether to accept the job offer or pursue further education.
Quintessential Representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class
The small-town diner was the **quintessential** American eating establishment.
Quintessential Representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class
The small-town diner was the **quintessential** American eating establishment.
Quixotic Exceedingly idealistic; unrealistic and impractical
His **quixotic** quest to eliminate world hunger was admirable but unrealistic.
Rancor Bitterness or resentfulness, especially when long-standing
Despite years passing, the **rancor** between the two rival families never subsided.
Reciprocate Respond to (a gesture or action) by making a corresponding one
He **reciprocated** her kindness by offering to help with her project.
Redolent Strongly reminiscent or suggestive of something
The old leather-bound books were **redolent** of history and forgotten stories.
Resilient Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
The **resilient** community quickly rebuilt after the natural disaster.
Resilient Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
The **resilient** community quickly rebuilt after the natural disaster.
Rhetoric The art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the exploitation of figures of speech and other compositional techniques
The politician's **rhetoric** was powerful, but lacked substance when analyzed closely.
Salient Most noticeable or important
The report highlighted the **salient** points of the new policy.
Serendipity The occurrence and development of events by chance in a happy or beneficial way
Their chance meeting at the airport was a **serendipity** that led to a lifelong friendship.
Stoic A person who can endure pain or hardship without showing their feelings or complaining
Despite the challenging circumstances, she remained **stoic** and focused on finding solutions.
Succinct Briefly and clearly expressed
His **succinct** explanation helped clarify the complex concept for the class.
Surreptitious Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of
She cast a **surreptitious** glance at her competitor's answers during the exam.
Sycophant A person who acts obsequiously toward someone important in order to gain advantage
The CEO was surrounded by **sycophants** who always agreed with his ideas, no matter how flawed.
Tacit Understood or implied without being stated
Their **tacit** agreement to avoid discussing politics kept family gatherings peaceful.
Taciturn Reserved or uncommunicative in speech; saying little
The **taciturn** man rarely participated in office small talk.
Tenacious Persistent in maintaining or adhering to something
Her **tenacious** pursuit of justice finally led to changes in the law.
Terse Sparing in the use of words; abrupt
His **terse** reply made it clear he was not interested in further discussion.
Trepidation A feeling of fear or anxiety about something that may happen
He approached his first day at the new job with **trepidation**, unsure of what to expect.
Ubiquitous Present, appearing, or found everywhere
Cell phones have become **ubiquitous** in modern society.
Unequivocal Leaving no doubt; unambiguous
The evidence against the defendant was **unequivocal**, leading to a swift conviction.
Unequivocal Leaving no doubt; unambiguous
The evidence against the defendant was **unequivocal**, leading to a swift conviction.
Vacillate Waver between different opinions or actions
She **vacillated** between accepting the job offer and pursuing further education.
Vacuous Having or showing a lack of thought or intelligence; mindless
The politician's **vacuous** promises failed to address any real issues.
Venerate Regard with great respect; revere
Many people **venerate** Nelson Mandela for his role in ending apartheid in South Africa.
Venerate Regard with great respect; revere
Many people **venerate** Nelson Mandela for his role in ending apartheid in South Africa.
Verbose Using or containing more words than necessary
The **verbose** report could have been shortened without losing its meaning.
Verisimilitude The appearance of being true or real
The historical novel was praised for its **verisimilitude**, accurately depicting life in the 19th century.
Wane Decrease in vigor, power, or extent; become weaker
As the day **waned**, the temperature began to drop noticeably.
Wanton Deliberate and unprovoked
The **wanton** destruction of the historic building outraged the community.
Wary Feeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems
The **wary** investor carefully examined the company's financial records.
Watershed An important point of change from which important developments follow
The invention of the printing press was a **watershed** moment in history.
Whimsical Playfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way
The artist's **whimsical** sculptures brought a smile to viewers' faces.
Wistful Characterized by melancholy; longing
She felt **wistful** as she looked at old photographs from her childhood.
Xenial Hospitable, especially to visiting strangers or foreigners
The small town was known for its **xenial** attitude towards tourists.
Xenophile A person who is attracted to foreign peoples, cultures, or customs
As a **xenophile**, she eagerly embraced the opportunity to study abroad.
Xenophobia Dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries
The politician's **xenophobic** remarks were widely condemned by the public.
Yearn Have an intense feeling of longing for something
After months abroad, he began to **yearn** for the comforts of home.
Yield Produce or provide (a natural, agricultural, or industrial product)
The new mining operation is expected to **yield** significant amounts of copper.
Yoke A wooden crosspiece that is fastened over the necks of two animals and attached to the plow or cart that they are to pull
The farmer attached the **yoke** to his oxen before beginning to plow the field.
Yoke A wooden crosspiece that is fastened over the necks of two animals and attached to the plow or cart that they are to pull
The farmer attached the **yoke** to his oxen before beginning to plow the field.
Zeal Great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective
Her **zeal** for environmental protection inspired others to take action.
Zealot A person who is fanatical and uncompromising in pursuit of their religious, political, or other ideals
The political **zealot** refused to consider any viewpoints that contradicted his own.
Zealous Showing great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or objective
The **zealous** activist worked tirelessly to promote environmental awareness.
Zeitgeist The defining spirit or mood of a particular period of history as shown by the ideas and beliefs of the time
The artist's work captured the **zeitgeist** of the 1960s, reflecting the era's social upheaval.
Zephyr A gentle, mild breeze
The **zephyr** carried the scent of blooming flowers across the garden.

Resources for Building TOEFL Vocabulary

One can check from where they can learn the TOEFL vocabulary, and which is the best guide they can refer to. 







1. TOEFL Vocabulary PDFs

Ebooks are an easy way to access structured vocabulary lists. Resources like the TOEFL Vocabulary PDF provide an extensive list of words frequently tested on the exam. These lists often include definitions, example sentences, and exercises for practice, making them invaluable study tools. 

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2. TOEFL Vocabulary Books

Books specifically designed for TOEFL prep, such as "Essential Words for the TOEFL," “400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL,” “Vocabulary for TOEFL IBT” offer comprehensive TOEFL words lists and exercises tailored to the test format. These books often include strategies for learning and retaining new words, making them essential for serious test-takers. 

3. TOEFL vocabulary flashcards

Using your own made TOEFL vocabulary flashcards is an effective method for memorization. Flashcards for TOEFL words allow you to engage in active recall, which has been shown to enhance memory retention. Many online platforms offer customizable flashcard apps that can be tailored to your specific needs.

4. Mobile Apps

Using a TOEFL vocabulary app can make studying more interactive and accessible. TOEFL Vocabulary Prep App, Flashcards - TOEFL Vocabulary, TOEFL Vocabulary & Listening are some of the top rated mobile apps available on appstore, which you can use for your TOEFL preparation and boost your preparation on words. 

How to build strong TOEFL Vocabulary? 

One seeking for tips or strategies for building a strong grasp on common TOEFL words can check below. 

  • Start by assessing your current English vocabulary level. Identify areas where you struggle and focus on those words first. This targeted approach will make your study sessions more efficient.
  • Then, make a proper TOEFL study plan, so that you can target each section of the TOEFL exam wisely. 
  • Understanding how to use a word in context is crucial for retention. Try writing sentences or short paragraphs using new vocabulary words for TOEFL, or incorporate them into your speaking practice.
  • Reading academic articles or textbooks exposes you to the language used in higher education settings, helping you become familiar with contextually appropriate usage of advanced vocabulary.
  • Create flashcards with the TOEFL words on one side and its definition and example sentence on the other side
  • Set aside time each day to review and practice using new vocabulary words.
  • Use new words in your speaking practice, it will boost your level of understanding in knowing the exact meaning of words.
  • Familiarize yourself with how these words are used in TOEFL practice questions.

One going through the TOEFL vocabulary list, should note that learning only these words will not help you in acing the exam. These are some common TOEFL word lists, which one can refer to for their benefits.

TOEFL Vocabulary FAQs

A. How can I improve my vocabulary for TOEFL?

A. Improving your vocabulary for the TOEFL involves a structured approach. One should start reading academic content regularly, from journals, newspapers, and fiction to expose yourself to a wide range of vocabulary in context. Candidates can also create flashcards with new words, their definitions, and example sentences.

A. Does TOEFL have vocabulary?

A. There is no particular section asked in TOEFL exam related to vocabulary but a strong understanding of vocabulary is important across all four sections: Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing.

Q. Is TOEFL very hard?

A. The difficulty of the TOEFL exam can vary depending on your proficiency in English. One can practice well with academic vocabulary, test strategies, and practice to ace the test with ease.

Q. What are the most common verbs for TOEFL?

A. Some of the most common verb words for TOEFL are Analyze, Assess, Clarify, Demonstrate, and Illustrate.

Q. What are the most common words in TOEFL?

A. The most common TOEFL vocabulary words are Accolade, Alleviate, Ambiguous, Cohesion, Dissent. 

About the Author
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Written by
Raushan Kumar
Assistant Manager Content

Raushan Kumar is a skilled writer and a Study Abroad Expert in the Editorial Team at Shiksha. He oversees various aspects of studying abroad, including educational opportunities, entrance exams, colleges, latest new... Read Full Bio

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