Logical Operators in SQL

While working with a large dataset you have to perform a different kind of operation to extract or manipulate the the data from the dataset. To perform these operation we nee different types of operators. In this article we will discuss different types of Logical Operator in SQL.

In the previous article, we have discussed SQL Comparison and Arithmetic Operator. Now in this article, we will discuss different Logical Operators in SQL.

Table of Content

Logical Operators

• AND
• OR
• NOT
• LIKE
• IN
• BETWEEN
• ISNULL

Logical Operators

Logical operators are symbols or words that are used to connect two or more expressions. Some of the common logical operators are AND, OR, and NOT. SQL has more than these logical operators.

Here, is the list of Logical Operators in SQL.

Operators	Description
AND	It will allow selecting only those rows that satisfy both the given conditions
OR	It will allow selecting only those rows that satisfy either of the given two conditions
NOT	Allows to select the rows that do not satisfy the specified conditions
LIKE	Allows to match the similar value or the string
IN	It will select a list of values that you want like to include
BETWEEN	It will select the rows defined between a certain range. It has to be paired with AND.
ISNULL	Allows excluding rows with the missing data from your result

Must Read: SQL SELECT

Must Read: SQL WHERE

Must Read: SQL LIMITS

Now we will use the Employee dataset (that contains Employee ID, Name, Gender, Department, Education, Month of Joining, and CTC) to do some examples to get a clear understanding of different logical operators.

Employee ID	Name	Gender	Department	Education	Month of Joining	CTC(in Lacs)
1001	Ajay	M	Engineering	Doctoral	January	25
1002	Babloo	M	Engineering	UG	February	23
1003	Chhavi	F	HR	PG	March	15
1004	Dheeraj	M	HR	UG	January	12
1005	Evina	F	Marketing	UG	March	16
1006	Fredy	M	Sales	UG	December	10
1007	Garima	F	Sales	PG	March	10
1008	Hans	M	Admin	PG	November	8
1009	Ivanka	F	Admin	Intermediate	April	7
1010	Jai	M	Peon		December	4

Must Read: Introduction to SQL

AND

Example 1: Find the details of all the employees who are working in Sales department and are undergraduates.

Query

Output

Employee ID	Name	Gender	Department	Education	Month of Joining	CTC(in Lacs)
1006	Fredy	M	Sales	UG	December	10

Must Read: What is the difference between SQL and MySQL?

OR

Example 2: Find the employee detail of all the employees who joined the month of march or CTC is greater than 20 lacs.

Query

Output

Employee ID	Name	Gender	Department	Education	Month of Joining	CTC(in Lacs)
1001	Ajay	M	Engineering	Doctoral	January	25
1002	Babloo	M	Engineering	UG	February	23
1003	Chhavi	F	HR	PG	March	15
1005	Evina	F	Marketing	UG	March	16
1007	Garima	F	Sales	PG	March	10

Must Read: How to Create, Insert, and Delete SQL views?

NOT

Example 3: Find the details of all the employee who are undergraduate but not working in the HR department.

Query

Output

Employee ID	Name	Gender	Department	Education	Month of Joining	CTC(in Lacs)
1002	Babloo	M	Engineering	UG	February	23
1005	Evina	F	Marketing	UG	March	16
1006	Fredy	M	Sales	UG	December	10

Must Read: Types of Keys in Database

Must Read: Introduction to Normalization

LIKE

LIKE Operator	Description
LIKE ‘n%’	Find the values that start with n
LIKE ‘%g’	Find the values that end with g
LIKE ‘%learn%’	Find the value that has learn in any position
LIKE ‘_n%’	Find the letter that has n at the second position
LIKE ‘n_%’	Find the word that starts with n but has at least two characters in length
LIKE ‘n%g’	Find the word that starts with n and ends with g

Example 4: Find the detail of the employees who are working in the department that ends with ‘ing’.

Query

Output

Employee ID	Name	Gender	Department	Education	Month of Joining	CTC(in Lacs)
1001	Ajay	M	Engineering	Doctoral	January	25
1002	Babloo	M	Engineering	UG	February	23
1005	Evina	F	Marketing	UG	March	16

Must Read: Types of Keys in Database

IN

Example 5: Find the details of the employees who are working in HR and Engineering department.

Query

Output

Employee ID	Name	Gender	Department	Education	Month of Joining	CTC(in Lacs)
1001	Ajay	M	Engineering	Doctoral	January	25
1002	Babloo	M	Engineering	UG	February	23
1003	Chhavi	F	HR	PG	March	15
1004	Dheeraj	M	HR	UG	January	12

Must Read: Subqueries in SQL

Must Read: Aggregate and Scalar Function in SQL

BETWEEN

Example 6: Find the employee details whose CTC is in BETWEEN 8 and 15.

Query

Employee ID	Name	Gender	Department	Education	Month of Joining	CTC(in Lacs)
1003	Chhavi	F	HR	PG	March	15
1004	Dheeraj	M	HR	UG	January	12
1006	Fredy	M	Sales	UG	December	10
1007	Garima	F	Sales	PG	March	10
1008	Hans	M	Admin	PG	November	8

Must Read: Difference between SQL and NoSQL

Must Check: SQL Online Course and Certifications

ISNULL

Example 7: Find the detail of the employees where Education is NULL.

Output

Employee ID	Name	Gender	Department	Education	Month of Joining	CTC(in Lacs)
1010	Jai	M	Peon		December	4

Conclusion

In this article, we have discussed different types of Logical Operators in SQL with the help of examples.

Hope this article will help you in your Data Science and Data Analysis journey.