Difference Between RAM And ROM
RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory) are two essential types of memory used in computers and other electronic devices, each serving distinct purposes. The main difference between RAM and ROM is that RAM is a volatile memory that temporarily stores data while a device runs. On the other hand, ROM is a non-volatile memory that permanently stores essential data and instructions, such as the BIOS, retaining data even when the power is off.
RAM and ROM are two commonly used terms in different types of computers. However, many people are perplexed whether these words are related. In this article, we will look at the difference between RAM and ROM. But before understanding the difference between RAM and ROM, let’s first comprehend what computer memory is.
Computer memory is simply the computer’s brain, where data and information are saved for easy retrieval. In simple terms, computer memory is the storage space on a computer that temporarily or permanently stores data or programs. If you are interested in understanding how memory works and managing it effectively, consider exploring Operating System Online Courses and Certifications to gain in-depth knowledge about memory management and other essential OS concepts.
Table of Content
Difference Between RAM and ROM
To understand the difference between RAM and ROM in a better way, let’s go through the differences in a tabular format:
| Parameter | RAM | ROM |
|---|---|---|
| Full form | Random Access Memory | Read-only Memory |
| Expensive | Yes | No |
| Speed | High | Low |
| Capacity | High | Low |
| Data working type | Read, Modify and Delete | Read |
| Stored data is used to | Process current instructions | Bootstrap the computer |
| Data stored is volatile | Yes | No |
| CPU can access the data | Yes | No |
| Used as/in | CPU Cache and Primary memory | Firmware and Micro-controllers |
| Accessibility of data | Easily accessible | Not easily accessible |
| Storage capacity | A few megabytes of data | Multiple gigabytes (GB) of data |
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What is RAM?
RAM Definition: RAM, or random access memory, is a computer’s short-term memory that stores the data the processor is currently processing.
RAM is a temporary memory bank in which your computer stores data you need to access quickly. It keeps data accessible so your processor can find it quickly without having to access long-term storage to finish immediate processing tasks. There are mainly two types of RAM: Static and Dynamic.
- Static RAM: Static RAM is a type of RAM that uses the state of a six-transistor memory cell to store data. Static RAM is primarily used as a processor cache memory (CPU).
- Dynamic RAM: Dynamic RAM is a type of RAM that lets you store every bit of information in an integrated circuit’s capacitor. Dynamic RAM is a computer memory common in many modern desktop computers.
Application of RAM
There are various applications of RAM. Some of those applications are:
- Running Applications: RAM temporarily stores data for applications currently in use, ensuring they run smoothly and efficiently.
- Gaming: RAM supports high-performance gaming by loading game files quickly and reducing lag.
- Web Browsing: It helps store browser data for faster page loading and smooth tab switching.
- Video Editing: RAM enables seamless editing by holding large video files and editing software data temporarily.
- Multitasking: It allows users to run multiple programs simultaneously without performance issues.
What is ROM?
ROM definition: A ROM or Read-only Memory is a storage medium that permanently stores data on personal computers and other electronic devices.
ROM is a non-volatile memory that retains information even when the power is turned off. It also includes the programming required to start a PC, which is required for boot-up. There are mainly four types of ROM: MROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
- PROM: PROM, or programmable read-only memory, is a type of ROM that the user can program. In this ROM, the data and instructions cannot be changed once programmed.
- EPROM: EPROM or Erasable read-only memory is a type of ROM that can be reprogrammed in programmable read-only memory. Expose it to ultraviolet light to erase the data. To reprogram it, first, erase all previous data.
- EEPROM: Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, is a type of ROM in which data can be erased without using ultraviolet light by applying an electric field.
- MROM: MROM, or Mask read-only memory, is a type of read-only memory masked off during manufacturing.
Applications of ROM
There are various applications of ROM. Some of those applications are:
You can also explore: What is the Difference Between Hardware and Software?
Conclusion
The primary distinction between RAM and ROM is that RAM is random access memory, whereas ROM is read-only memory. RAM can both read and write operations, whereas ROM can only perform read operations.
Now that you understand the difference between RAM and ROM, you can use these computer memories more effectively.
FAQs
What is the main difference between RAM and ROM?
RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile memory used for temporary data storage while a computer runs. It loses its data when power is turned off. In contrast, ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile and retains data even when the power is off, primarily storing firmware and system instructions.
What kind of data is kept in RAM?
RAM stores the operating system (OS), application programs, and data in use.
Where is ROM kept?
ROM is a type of firmware typically located on the BIOS chip within the motherboard of a personal computer.
What kind of data is stored in ROM?
ROM typically contains firmware or software instructions for booting the computer or running basic system operations. Examples include a computer motherboard's BIOS (Basic Input/Output System).
Is RAM faster than ROM?
RAM is generally faster than ROM because it allows for both read and write operations, making it more suitable for dynamic data storage.
Can ROM be upgraded or modified?
Unlike RAM, ROM is not designed for easy modification or upgrading. Changing the data stored in ROM requires specialized processes such as flashing or replacing the ROM chip.
How much RAM and ROM does a typical computer have?
A computer's RAM can vary, but common amounts range from a few gigabytes (GB) to several dozen gigabytes. Conversely, ROM is usually measured in megabytes (MB) and is typically much smaller in size.
Can I add more RAM or ROM to my computer?
Adding more RAM to a computer is often possible, as it is upgradable. However, adding more ROM is more challenging, as it usually involves replacing the existing ROM chip or using external storage devices.
What are the types of RAM?
There are several types of RAM, including DRAM (Dynamic RAM), which needs constant refreshing to maintain data, and SRAM (Static RAM), which is faster and does not require refreshing. Other types include SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) and DDR (Double Data Rate) RAM, used in modern computing for improved performance.
What are the types of ROM?
ROM comes in various types, including PROM (Programmable ROM), which can be programmed once, and EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), which can be erased and reprogrammed using UV light. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM) allows data to be erased and reprogrammed electrically, making it versatile for firmware updates.
How does RAM affect computer performance?
The amount of RAM directly impacts a computer's performance. More RAM allows for better multitasking and faster data access, enabling applications to run smoothly without lag. Insufficient RAM can lead to slow performance as the system uses slower storage options, like hard drives, for temporary data storage.
Why is ROM important in computers?
ROM is important because it stores the firmware, which is necessary for booting up the computer and performing hardware initialization. It contains the basic instructions for the system's operation and ensures the computer can start and run the operating system and other essential software.
Can RAM be upgraded?
Yes. RAM can be upgraded in most computers. Users can add more RAM modules to increase the total memory available, which can enhance performance. But before you do that, it's essential to check the compatibility with the motherboard and existing RAM specifications.
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