What is the Difference Between Hardware and Software?
It is important to understand the difference between hardware and software. A computer system is divided into hardware and software. Hardware is a physical component of the system which includes CPU, monitor, mouse and keyboard. Software is a set of instructions that allows the hardware to perform specific tasks. Software is required to be installed within the hardware to function properly.
Software and hardware cannot function independently without each other. They are the two main broad categories of elements of a computer system. Hardware and software differ in many ways yet are non-functional without each other. We need software and hardware to run a computer and perform different tasks.
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Differences between Hardware and Software
Now, let us understand the difference between software and hardware in computer:
| Parameter | Hardware | Software |
| Definition | Physical components of a computer that store and run the software. | Set of instructions or programs that tell a computer what to do. |
| Nature | Tangible. We can see and touch the hardware. | Intangible. We can see but cannot touch software. |
| Types | Divided into four categories: Input devices, Output devices, Processing devices, and Storage devices. | Divided into two categories, which are System software and Application software. |
| Creation | A Hardware engineer physically builds a hardware using electronic components. | Software is developed by software engineers using various programming languages. |
| Dependency | Cannot perform any task without software. | It cannot run without hardware. |
| Affect of computer viruses | Not affected by computer viruses. | Computer viruses are designed to 8ik-affect the software. |
| Failure | A hardware failure can occur due to voltage fluctuation, cabling issues, etc. | Failure can occur due to virus attacks, bugs, etc. |
| Durability | Outdated hardware needs to be replaced and cannot be updated virtually. | Outdated software can be updated over the Internet. |
| Replacement | We can replace the hardware with a new component if damaged or corrupted. | When damaged or corrupted, we can install the software again using a backup copy. |
| Transferability | It cannot be shared over the Internet. Need to be physically transferred from one system to another or from one location to another. | It can be easily transferred over the network virtually. |
| Example | Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, CPU, Hard disk, RAM, etc. | MS Word, Excel, SQL, Photoshop, Google Chrome, etc. |
What is Hardware?
Computer hardware represents the physical components that a computer requires to function. It is the tangible component that is connected physically with the computer.
Hardware includes the keyboard, mouse, graphics card, sound card, speakers, motherboard, central processing unit (CPU), and every other computer component that you can physically touch. While laptops and desktop computers have different designs, we can find the same hardware components.
Types of Computer Hardware
- Input devices: For inputting raw data – Keyboard, Joystick, Scanner
- Processing devices: For processing raw data instructions into information. – Graphics Card, Processors
- Output devices: To display data and information. – Printer, Monitor
- Storage devices: For storing data and information. – USB, Solid State Drive (SSD), Hard Disk (HDD), Servers
Examples of Computer Hardware
Following are the examples of computer hardware
1. RAM (Random Access Memory)
RAM is a volatile memory type in computer that provides temporary data storage and programs currently being used by a computer. Processor can quickly access information which ensures smooth performance for multitasking and running applications. RAM is essential for system speed, as more RAM enables computers to handle larger workloads and run more demanding software efficiently. When the computer is turned off, the data stored in RAM is erased.
2. ROM (Read-Only Memory)
ROM is non-volatile memory that stores critical data needed for a computer’s initial startup process, such as firmware or the BIOS. It is not easy to modify data in ROM and it remains intact when the computer is powered off. ROM is essential for booting up a system and ensuring that hardware components function correctly during startup.
3. CPU (Microprocessor)
The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is the core component that executes instructions and performs calculations. CPU processes data, runs software, and manages tasks. Modern CPUs consist of multiple cores, which allow them to handle numerous processes simultaneously. The speed and efficiency of the CPU influences the overall performance of the computer’
4. Motherboard
The motherboard connects and coordinates all hardware components of the computer like the CPU, RAM, storage devices, and other peripherals. The motherboard includes various slots and ports for expansion cards, USB devices, and other hardware, making it a crucial part of the computer's infrastructure.
Read Later5. Monitor
A monitor displays visual information on the computer that is used for displaying text, images, videos, and graphical interfaces that allows users to interact with the system. Monitors come in various sizes and resolutions, with advanced models offering high-definition visuals and features like touchscreens or curved displays for better viewing experiences.
6. Keyboard
It is an input device that is used for typing and executing commands. A keyboard consists of keys for numbers, symbols, letters, and functions. Users can input text and interact with software using a keyboard. Modern keyboards often include features like backlighting, programmable keys, and ergonomic designs for improved usability and comfort.
7. Mouse
A mouse enables users to interact with graphical interfaces on a computer. It moves a cursor on the screen and allows users to select, drag, and click items.
8. Power Supply Unit (PSU)
PSU is used for converting electrical power from the outlet into usable energy for components of computer. It provides a steady supply of power which protects the hardware from fluctuations or surges. PSU is important for the stable operation of a computer that has different wattage ratings to support varying system requirements.
9. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
HDD is a storage device that uses the spinning magnetic disks to store data. It is used for long-term storage of operating systems, software, and personal files. Although slower compared to SSDs, HDDs are cost-effective and offer large storage capacities, making them suitable for storing large volumes of data.
10. Solid State Drive (SSD)
An SSD is a storage device that leverages flash memory for data storage that increases the reading and writing speed faster than HDDs. SSDs are durable and energy-efficient since they do not have any moving parts. These are used for running operating systems and applications, significantly improving system boot times and overall performance.
11. Graphics Card
A graphics card renders images, videos, and animations. It processes graphical data and enhances visual output which is required for gaming, video editing, and 3D rendering. Dedicated GPUs come with their own memory and processing power which provides superior performance compared to integrated graphics solutions.
12. Printer
It is an output device used to produce physical copies of digital documents or images. Printers are of various types, including inkjet, laser, and multifunction models that also include scanning and copying functions. They are widely used in offices, homes, and industries for creating hard copies of important files and creative works.
13. Scanner
It is an input device that converts physical documents, photos, or objects into digital formats. Scanner uses sensors and light for capturing the details of the item and to create an electronic image or text file. These are commonly used for digitizing paper documents, preserving photographs, and sharing physical content electronically.
What is Software?
Software is a set of instructions that we store and run on computer hardware. It is the intangible part of the computer system. The software enables to perform certain tasks through the computer hardware. Any program that runs on a computer is an example of software.
Types of Software
There are two main types of software: System Software and Application Software.
1. System Software
It is a set of programs that enables the hardware to function. This software controls the operations of computer hardware. It acts as the platform for other application programs to run correctly. It also makes the computer’s operation faster, more effective, and more secure.
Examples of System Software
Following are the examples of system software:
1. Operating system (OS)
An operating system is the most fundamental type of system software that acts as the primary interface between computer hardware and users. It manages all computer hardware resources, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. The OS handles essential tasks like process management, memory allocation, file system organization, and device control. It provides a UI that allows users to interact with the computer system. Modern operating systems like Windows, macOS, and Linux support multitasking that allows multiple programs to run simultaneously, and implement security measures to protect system resources and user data. The OS also manages networking capabilities, system updates, and provides various utilities for system maintenance and configuration.
2. Firmware Firmware
It is a specific software that is permanently embedded into hardware devices and provides low-level control of the device's specific hardware features. Firmware is stored in non-volatile memory (ROM, EEPROM, or Flash memory) and remains on the device even when powered off. The most well-known example is the BIOS/UEFI in computers, which initializes hardware components during the boot process and provides basic system configuration options. Firmware can be found in almost all electronic devices, from printers and routers to smartphones and gaming consoles. While traditionally firmware was fixed, many modern devices allow firmware updates to improve functionality, fix bugs, or address security vulnerabilities. However, updating firmware can be risky as incorrect updates can potentially render devices unusable.
3. Disk Formatting Software
It is a specialized system software that prepares storage devices for use with a computer system. It manages the creation and maintenance of file systems on storage devices like hard drives, SSDs, and removable media. It performs tasks such as partitioning drives into logical sections, creating file systems (like NTFS, FAT32, or ext4), checking for and marking bad sectors, and providing disk maintenance utilities. Common examples include Windows Disk Management, macOS Disk Utility, and various Linux tools like fdisk or GParted. It handles initial drive setup, provide features for ongoing maintenance including disk checking, repair of corrupted file systems and defragmentation. They ensure that data storage devices operate efficiently and reliably.
2. Application Software
Application Software is a program or application that has a specific purpose and allows users to accomplish a specific goal. Also known as an application package, application software acts as a mediator between the system software and the end-user.
Examples of Application Software
Following are the examples of application software:
1. Web Browsers
Web browsers are those application software through which users access and interact on the internet. Popular examples include Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Microsoft Edge. These allow users to view web pages, stream videos, and download files by interpreting web coding languages like HTML and CSS. Modern browsers come include features such as tabbed browsing, bookmarks, extensions, and private browsing modes, to enhance user experience and productivity.
2. Productivity Software
Productivity software are essential for personal and professional tasks. Word processors allow users to create, edit, and format text documents for purposes like report writing, letter drafting, or academic assignments. Spreadsheets, such as Google Sheets are useful for data organization, calculation, and analysis. They provide functionalities including formulae, graphs, and pivot tables that can be used for financial, statistical, and project management tasks. These tools simplify work and improve efficiency across various fields.
3. Database Software
Database software is used to create, manage, and manipulate data collections. Microsoft Access, for instance, provides a user-friendly interface for designing databases, building queries, and generating reports. It allows users to store structured information like customer records, inventory details, or financial data in an organized manner. By enabling easy data retrieval, analysis, and sharing, such software is important for businesses and organizations to maintain accurate and accessible records. Its integration with other Microsoft Office applications further enhances its utility.
4. Games
Games are application software designed primarily for entertainment and recreation. They range from simple, casual games like Candy Crush to complex, immersive experiences such as action-adventure or role-playing games. Gaming software include advanced graphics, sound, and interactive features to engage users.
Conclusion
So, we learned what is hardware and software and the difference between both of them. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer. Software is a set of instructions given to a computer to perform a specific task. We also explored the examples of both.
Hardware requires software to function properly. Similarly, software needs hardware to perform tasks. Both are essential for the proper functioning of a computer system.
FAQs
What is hardware with examples?
Hardware refers to the physical parts that a computer requires to function. It includes the tangible components that can be seen and touched. Examples of hardware include the keyboard, monitor, mouse, and central processing unit (CPU).
What is software with examples?
Software refers to the set of instructions, programs, and routines that tell a computer what to do. Computer software enables users to operate a computer and execute specific tasks. There are two types of software namely system software and application software. Examples of software include operating systems, web browsers, and word processors.
How do hardware and software work together?
Hardware and software together form a computer system. They both require each other to function properly. For performing a certain task, the software will require compatible hardware. The coordination between the two is necessary to perform any task and produce a useful output.
Can I run hardware without software?
No, you cannot run hardware without software. Software is a set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. Without software, the hardware would not be able to function.
How are software and hardware related?
Software is stored in hardware in the form of magnetic domains on a hard drive or floppy disc or as low and high voltages in computer chips.
What is the purpose of software in computers?
Without computer software, computer hardware is nearly useless. The programs required to complete the input, processing, output, storage, and control activities of information systems are software.
What are 5 differences between hardware and software?
- Hardware is tangible, meaning it has a physical form that can be touched, such as a keyboard or monitor. On the other hand, software is intangible, existing only as digital information and cannot be physically touched. It consists of programs and data.
- Hardware performs physical actions, like processing data or displaying information whereas software provides instructions that guide the hardware on what tasks to perform.
- Hardware deteriorates over time due to physical wear and tear. However, software doesn't physically degrade but can become outdated as technology advances.
- Hardware often requires physical replacement when it breaks or becomes obsolete. On the other hand, software can usually be updated or replaced through digital downloads.
- Hardware includes components like keyboards, mice, monitors, and hard drives whereas software encompasses operating systems, applications, games, and word processors.
Jaya is a writer with an experience of over 5 years in content creation and marketing. Her writing style is versatile since she likes to write as per the requirement of the domain. She has worked on Technology, Fina... Read Full Bio
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