GATE Data Science and Artificial Intelligence 2025 

Probability and Statistics

Counting (Permutations and Combinations)

Probability Axioms

Sample Space, Events

Independent Events, Mutually Exclusive Events

Marginal, Conditional, and Joint Probability

Bayes' Theorem

Conditional Expectation and Variance

Mean, Median, Mode, and Standard Deviation

Correlation and Covariance

Random Variables

Linear Algebra

Vector Space

Subspaces

Linear Dependence and Independence of Vectors

Matrices

Projection Matrix

Orthogonal Matrix

Idempotent Matrix

Partition Matrix and their Properties

Quadratic Forms

Systems of Linear Equations and Solutions

Calculus and Optimization

Functions of a Single Variable

Limit

Continuity

Differentiability

Taylor Series

Maxima and Minima

Optimization Involving a Single Variable

Programming, Data Structures, and Algorithms

Programming in Python

Basic Data Structures

Stacks

Queues

Linked Lists

Trees

Hash Tables