HPBOSE 12th Syllabus for Commerce

Students preparing to appear for HPBOSE 12th commerce syllabus must go through the complete HPBOSE 12th syllabus for commerce subjects. This mentions all the topics and chapters covered under the stream. Read more below...

Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education (HPBOSE) conducts class 10^th, 12^th state board examinations every year.  Commerce is one of the important streams for students appearing for HPBOSE Class 12 board examination. HPBOSE conducts Class 12 board exams in March every year. The main subjects in Commerce are Accountancy, Economics, Business Studies, and English. The medium of the examination is Urdu, Hindi, English, and French. Each paper carries 100 marks. HPBOSE 12^th syllabus for commerce mentions the topics and chapters covered in different subjects.

 In commerce, students should have a deeper understanding of the concepts of each topic. For this, students could refer to board-approved textbooks and other reference books as suggested by teachers. While preparing for HPBOSE Class 12 board examination, students should make notes of each and every important point they come across.

Before starting to prepare for the exams, students should have clarity of the syllabus. This article will give students an insight on Class 12 HPBOSE Commerce syllabus.

HPBOSE 12^th Syllabus for Commerce

Theory

The duration of the HPBOSE Board Exam (Commerce) is three hours and fifteen minutes. HPBOSE does not conduct any practical exams for Class 12 Commerce; there is one project work of 25 marks for Accountancy only. Students can also check HPBOSE 12^th exam pattern along with syllabus. The syllabus for all the five subjects is given in detail as follows:

1. English: The syllabus is composed of three sections; Section A, Section B and Section C for 85 marks.

Section A
Reading Skills	17
Section B
Advanced Writing Skills	29
Section C
English Reader	26

Supplementary Reader

13

2. Mathematics

• One of the most important topics of Mathematics is Calculus. It carries maximum marks and is the trickiest one.
• Syllabus: Six units with marks for each is given as follows-: 

Units	Marks
Relations and Functions: Relations and Functions, Inverse Trigonometric  Functions	9
Algebra - Matrices, Determinants	11
Calculus: Continuity and Differentiability, Applications of Derivatives, Integrals, Applications of Integrals, Differential Equation	38
Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry	13
Linear Programming	6
Probability	8
Total	85

3. Economics

• Total marks for Economics are 85. The important topics are Demand and Supply and all the numerical questions.
• Syllabus for theory is as follows:                   

PART A:  Introductory Microeconomics - 43

1.      Introduction                2.      Consumer Behaviour and Demand     3.      Producer Behaviour and Supply         4.      Forms of Market and Price Determination     5.      Simple Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply Curves

PART B: Introductory Macroeconomics - 42

1.      National Income and Related Aggregates      2.      Determination of Income and Employment  3.      Money and Banking               4.      Government Budget and the Economy           5.      Balance of Payments

4. Accountancy

• There are two papers in the subject: 65 marks for theory and 20 marks for project work
• Share Capital and Debenture carries maximum marks and is an important topic from the exam point of view.
• Syllabus for theory:               

Part A:  Accounting for Not for Profit Organisations Partnership Firms and Companies
Accounting for Not for Profit Organizations	8
Accounting for Partnership Firms	4
Reconstitution of Partnership	17
Accounting for Share Capital and Debenture	21
Part B: Financial Statement Analysis
Analysis of Financial Statements	9
Cash Flow Statement	6

Total

65

5. Business Studies

• The theory paper of Business Studies carries 85 marks. In Business Studies, all the topics are important as any topic could be a part of the case study. Among all the topics, Marketing carries maximum marks.

The syllabus for theory is as follows:

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management
Nature and Significance of Management	6
Principles of Management	6
Business Environment	-
Planning	6
Organising	8
Staffing	8
Directing	10
Controlling	6
Part B: Business Finance and Marketing
Financial Management	10
Financial Markets	8
Marketing	12
Consumer Protection	5

HPBOSE Class 12th Exam preparation tips:

According to HPBOSE class 12 preparation tips, students must prepare a schedule: Students should know the important topics and allot time to each subject to complete the same within time frame.

1. Take short breaks: Studying continuously without breaks reduces the efficiency of a student. A student must take short breaks every two-three hours, this helps in energising and refreshing the mind.
2. Make your own notes: Every student should make short notes that are easy to understand the concepts for every chapter and study them during breaks. This saves time and helps in getting a better grasp of the whole syllabus.
3. Study Material: There are certain books prescribed by the HP Board, which covers the entire syllabus systematically. Students can study the course from 'HP Board Class 12 books' and students can practise questions from NCERT books as well to have an edge on the syllabus.
4. Do not get anxious: It is important not to take any kind of stress or anxiety during the exams. Students should give their exam without worrying about the results.

Subject-wise tips for preparation

Tips for Business Studies: Try solving previous papers at least once a week. This would help in preparing students for all the types of questions that could come in the exam. All the chapters are important for Case Studies.

8. Tips for Economics: Try and make a list of formulae of Macroeconomics and revise the same on a daily basis. Topics like Demand and Supply topics from the exams point of view.
9. Tips for Accountancy: Layouts are the most important part of this subject. Students should practice questions thoroughly. Understand the procedure to solve the question and do it step-by-step. Remember that each step carry marks in  
10. Tips for Mathematics: Practice the steps while solving problems. Revise various rules for solving the problems. Calculus is a wide topic and an important one.
11. Previous year papers: Solving HPBOSE 12th previous year papers is one of the most important parts of preparation. Try to solve at least five to seven previous year question papers for each subject before giving the exam. It gives students a better understanding of the preparation and also gives a chance to improve while preparing. Moreover, students should buy '10 Last Years’ Solved Papers (HPBOSE)' for extensive knowledge of exam pattern and type of questions. 

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