What details are mentioned in the CDS 2 Result PDF?

The CDS 2 examination 2025 includes papers English, General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics. The result will be prepared in PDF format and contains the names and roll numbers of all successful candidates.

How do I proceed after CDS 2 Result 2025?

The candidates who will qualify for the CDS 2 result in 2025 will proceed to the SSB interview. The CDS 2 result 2025 will be released on the official website. Basically, the result PDF, cut-off marks, and the final merit-list will guide candidates on their next steps, mainly for the SSB interview round.

How do I check CDS OTA Result?

The CDS OTA Result will be released on the official website. Candidates can check below the steps: Visit the official website Click on the CDS OTA result link Click on the result PDF link The CDS OTA result will appear on the screen Download the CDS OTA result PDF and save it for later use

Where can a candidate find the download link of CDS 2 Result 2025?

The download link for the CDS 2 Result 2025 will be available on the UPSC website and also on our Shiksha page.

Can I download CDS books for free?

Downloading CDS books for free may NIT be legal or ethical, as these books are copyrighted material owned by their respective publishers and authors. It is important to respect intellectual rights and support the efforts of authors and publishers. While there may be some websites or online forums that offer free CDS book download, however, the candidates are advised to not use those books as they can be fabricated, outdated, or inaccurate. Additionally. , downloading a copyrighted material without permission can lead to legal consequences. It is always better to purchase the original and authorised books from reputable book stores or online retailers. These books are usually reasonably priced and offer high quality content that is updated and relevant to the CDS exam syllabus and pattern.

Is it necessary to buy multiple CDS books for preparation?

It is not necessary to buy multiple CDS books for your preparation. However, having access to multiple study materials can be helpful in strengthening your understanding of the concepts and providing you with a variety of practice questions to solve. It is recommended to choose one or two CDS books from reputable publishers that cover the entire syllabus and provide you with good quality content. You can supplement your preparation with additional study materials, such as online resources, previous year question papers, or coaching notes, if required. It is important to note that simply buying multiple CDS books will not guarantee success in the exam. It is essential to have a structured study plan, focus on understanding the concepts, and practice regularly to improve your speed and accuracy. Therefore, instead of purchasing multiple books, it is advisable to invest your time and effort in a few good quality study materials and use them effectively to prepare for the exam.

Can I prepare for the CDS exam on my own or do I need coaching classes?

It is possible to prepare for the CDS exam on your own without coaching classes. However, coaching classes can be helpful for candidates who need additional support and guidance, especially if they are new to the exam or have difficulty understanding certain topics. Coaching classes can provide candidates with access to specialised training, experienced faculty, and mock tests to help them prepare for the exam. This can be particularly helpful for candidates who are not familiar with the exam pattern or who need extra help with specific subjects. That being said, many candidates have successfully prepared for the CDS exam on their own by using textbooks, online resources, and previous year question papers. It ultimately depends on the candidate's level of preparation, familiarity with the syllabus, and personal preferences.

Which book is best for Maths CDS preparation 2025?

It is important for a candidate to clear basics and concepts. Questions asked in this section are of Class 10 standard. Candidates can check below CDS Maths books that will help in the preparation: Mathematics for CDS by RS Aggarwal Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations by RS Aggarwal Pathfinder for CDS by Arihant Publications

How many questions are asked in CDS General Awareness section?

The CDS General Awareness section comprises 120 question for 100 marks. The candidates need to solve all the questions as all question are compulsory. If the candidates leaves the question no marks will be awarded for it, however, if the candidates answer it wrong then the penalty of 1/3 marks will given against the wrong answer. The General Awareness section comprises questions from the Current Affairs general Science, history, polity, geography, Maths etc. The candidates can prepare for the CDS General Awareness section by following the analysis of the CDS exam and solving the previous year's question papers. However, the candidates must pen down that the CDS exam follows a negative pattern and they must marks their answer correctly or they will get their marks deducted.

How do I download CDS Question papers 2025?

Candidates can check below the steps to download the CDS question papers for free. Visit our website; Shiksha.com. Create your profile by mentioning certain details. Once a profile is generated, you will be able to download the question papers for free. Download and save it.

What are some effective ways to revise for the CDS exam?

Here are some effective ways to revise for the CDS exam: Make notes: Making notes is an effective way to revise for the CDS exam. While preparing for the exam, make notes of important concepts, formulas, and key points. These notes will help you revise quickly and efficiently. Revise regularly: Regular revision is essential for retaining the information and concepts. Schedule regular revision sessions to go through your notes, study material, and sample papers. Solve previous year question papers: Solving previous year question papers is an effective way to revise for the CDS exam. It will help you understand the exam pattern, types of questions asked, and improve your time management skills. Use flashcards: Flashcards are an effective way to revise important concepts and formulas. Write down the important concepts and formulas on flashcards and revise them regularly. Practice mock tests: Mock tests are an effective way to revise for the CDS exam. They will help you evaluate your performance, identify your strengths and weaknesses, and improve your time management skills. Discuss with peers and mentors: Discussing the concepts and solving problems with peers and mentors is an effective way to revise for the CDS exam. It will help you clarify your doubts and get feedback on your performance. Remember, revision is an ongoing process, and you should allocate enough time for it in your overall preparation strategy. Also, make sure to focus on understanding the concepts and not just memorizing them.

Is there any question repetition in the CDS exam?

Yes, sometimes questions do get repeated in the CDS exam. However, the UPSC does not directly repeat the question word for word; instead, the basic part gets repeated. For example, you can SEE questions on Article 32 in different years framed differently. From the analysis of the previous year's question paper, it can be concluded that important themes get revisited in CDS. This is the same for GK, math, and English papers. This is why experts and toppers always suggest analyzing the previous year's question paper. By analyzing previous year's question Sets you can not just make a list of such repetitive themes but also understand the patterns in which questions can be framed. Hence, you must start CDS preparation by solving PYQ.

How is age calculated in CDS?

The age of candidate is calculated from the date of joining and not from the date of application. That is why the candidates are advised to add 10 to 12 months to reach min or maximum age limit criteria. However, UPSC releases the age limit criteria for the candidates along with the notification for the CDS exam. As per the notification for CDS 2 exam released the age limit limitations are mentioned below: (i) For IMA—Unmarried male candidates born not earlier than 2nd July, 2000 and not later than 1st July, 2005 only are eligible. (ii) For Indian Naval Academy—Unmarried male candidates born not earlier than 2nd July, 2000 and not later than 1st July, 2005 only are eligible. (iii) For Air Force Academy— 20 to 24 years as on 1st July, 2024 i.e. born not earlier than 2nd July, 2000 and not later than 1st July, 2004 (Upper age limit forcandidates holding valid and current Commercial Pilot Licence issued by DGCA (India) is relaxable upto 26 yrs. i.e. born not earlier than 2nd July, 1998 and not later than 1st July, 2004 only are eligible. Note: Candidate below 25 years of age must be unmarried. Marriage is not permitted during training. Married candidates above 25 years of age are eligible to apply but during training period they will neither be provided married accommodation nor can they live with family out of the premises. iv) For Officers' Training Academy— (SSC Course for men) unmarried male candidates born not earlier than 2nd July, 1999 and not later than 1st July, 2005 only are eligible. v) For Officers' Training Academy— (SSC Women Non-Technical Course) Unmarried women, issueless widows who have not remarried and issueless divorcees (in possession of divorce documents) who have not remarried are eligible. They should have been born not earlier than 2nd July, 1999 and not later than 1st July, 2005.

Can married girls apply for the CDS exam?

Yes, married girls can apply for the CDS (Combined Defence Services) exam. The eligibility criteria for the CDS exam allow both married and unmarried women to apply. Here are the key points regarding the eligibility of married girls for the CDS exam: Marital Status: According to the CDS eligibility criteria, unmarried women, issueless widows who have not remarried, and issueless divorcees (in possession of divorce documents) who have not remarried are eligible to apply for the CDS exam OTA (Officers Training Academy): Married girls can apply for the OTA (Officers Training Academy) under the Short Service Commission. However, it's important to note that during the training period, married candidates above 25 years of age will not be provided with married accommodation and will not be allowed to live outside the Academy premises with their family It's important for married girls to carefully review the official eligibility criteria and ensure they meet all the requirements before applying for the CDS exam.

What is the Full Form of CDS?

CDS full form is the Combined Defence Services Examination. While some people also refer CDS full form as Chief of Defence Staff, this rank is given to the head of the Indian Armed Forces. It is conducted twice a year in April and September. It is a national-level exam conducted to recruit candidates for officer posts. The selection process comprises written exam and SSB interview. The minimum educational qualification needed to appear for CDS exam is graduation from a recognised Indian university.

What are some training programs that CDS officers can pursue?

CDS officers possess a wealth of experience and skills that can be highly valuable in the private sector. However, they may need to acquire additional education or training to transition to certain roles or industries. Here are some training programs that CDS officers can pursue: 1. Executive MBA (EMBA): An EMBA programme is designed for experienced professionals who want to develop their leadership and management skills. The programme typically focuses on practical and applied learning, and can be completed while working. An EMBA can be particularly useful for CDS officers looking to transition to management or executive roles in the private sector. 2. Project Management Professional (PMP): The PMP certification is a globally recognised certification for project managers. The certification is granted by the Project Management Institute (PMI) and requires passing an exam and demonstrating project management experience. The PMP certification can be useful for CDS officers looking to transition to project management roles in the private sector. 3. Six Sigma: Six Sigma is a methodology for improving business processes and reducing defects. The Six Sigma certification is granted by the American Society for Quality and requires passing an exam. The certification can be useful for CDS officers looking to transition to roles in operations management or quality management in the private sector. 4. Certified Information Systems Security Professional: The CISSP certification is a globally recognised certification for information security professionals. The certification is granted by the International Information System Security Certification Consortium and requires passing an exam and demonstrating cybersecurity experience. The certification can be useful for CDS officers looking to transition to cybersecurity roles in the private sector.

What is the selection process of CDS exam 2025?

The CDS 2025 selection process comprises various stages: The selection process of CDS comprises three stages that assess the academic knowledge, physical fitness and mental aptitude of candidates. The selection process includes: Stage 1: Written Examination Stage 2: SSB Interview (Service Selection Board) Stage 3: Medical Examination and Merit List After all these stages, a Final Merit List is prepared based on the written examination and SSB performance. The written test is of 300 marks (for INA, IMA and AFA) and 200 marks (OTA). The candidates qualifying the written exam will be called for the SSB Interview. At the second stage, the candidates have to undergo the vigorous 5 days interview in which the candidates are assessed on the physical, psychological and analytics level. Further, the SSB interview is followed by the medical test in which the candidates are assessed on physical standards. In the final stage merit list is released along with the release of the CDS results.

What is the exam pattern for CDS 2025 exam?

The CDS exam pattern has been divided into two categories- Indian Military Academy (IMA), Indian Naval Academy (INA) and Air Force Academy (AFA) and Officers Training Academy (OTA). The exam taken for the IMA, INA, AFA is taken for three subjects- General Awareness, Mathematics and English. On the other hand, the OTA exam is taken for two subjects- English . and General Awareness. The exam pattern for these categories have been given below for the candidates: For IMA, INA and AFA: a)Total Number of Subjects: English. Elementary Mathematics and General Knowledge b) Time Duration: Six hours (2 hours for each paper) c) Maximum Marks: 300 marks (100 marks for each paper) For OTA: a) Total Number of Subjects: English . and General Knowledge b) Time Duration: Four hours (2 hours for each paper) c) Maximum Marks: 200 Marks (100 marks for each paper). .

What is the salary of CDS Commissioned Officers?

CDS Salary of Officers during the training period is INR 56,100 per month for Army, Navy, and Air Force. The rank-wise salary is given below: Rank Level Salary (In INR) Lieutenant Level 10 56,100 -1,77,500 Captain Level 10 B 61,300- 1,93,900 Major Level 11 69,400 – 2,07,200 Lieutenant Colonel Level 12A 1,21,200 – 2,12,400 Colonel Level 13 1,30,600-2, 15,900 Brigadier Level 13A 1,39,600-2,17,600 Major General Level 14 1,44,200-2,18,200 Lieutenant General HAG Scale Level 15 1, 82, 200-2,24,100 HAG+Scale Level 16 2,05,400 – 2,24,400 VCOAS/Army Cdr/ Lieutenant General (NFSG) Level 17 2,25,000 (fixed) COAS Level 18 2,50,000 (fixed)

How many vacancies are announced for the CDS 1 2025 exam?

On December 11, 2024, UPSC released the CDS 1 approximate Vacancies 2025, along with the CDS 1 notification. UPSC has announced 457 CDS 1 Vacancies 2025 for IMA (Indian Military Academy), INA (Indian Naval Academy), AFA (Air Force Academy), and OTA (Officers Training Academy). The UPSC will fill the CDS 1 vacancy 2025 by holding an online test for all applicants. The UPSC CDS 1 2025 Vacancy, as well as the CDS 1 Notification 2025, has been published on the official website.

What are the exam dates for CDS 2025 exam?

The Union Public Service Commission released the exam calendar for the year 2025. According to the UPSC CDS calendar the CDS 1 2025 application form and the notification was released on December 11, 2024 and the last date to apply was January 1, 2025 (extended). The CDS 1 exam will be conducted on April 13, 2025. On the other hand the CDS 2 exam application and notification will be released on May 28, 2025. The application remained active till June 17, 2025. However, the exam for the CDS 2 2025 will be conducted on September 14, 2025. The candidates must be aware that these dates are released by UPSC through exam calendar. There are slight chances that the exam dates get changed due to any circumstance. However, the candidates must prepare for the CDS exams according to these exam dates.

What are the perks for CDS officers?

The Combined Defence Services is one of the most challenging but respectable careers to aspire to. CDS officers get many perks, which include the following: 1. Salary: The officers get a fixed stipend during training, which is Rs. 56,100 per month. After commissioning into the respective services, the officers get a salary as per their rank. 2. Allowances: Officers get many additional allowances such as Dearness Allowance, Uniform Allowance, High Altitude Allowance and Children education allowance etc. 3. Ration: In field areas, defence officers get a free ration, and in peace areas they get a Ration Money Allowance (RMA). 4. Other perks: Officers as well as their family members get facilities such as medical facilities, canteen facilities, and accommodation on concessional rent.

Are NDA and CDS syllabus same?

NDA exam is conducted for admission to the Army, Navy and Air Force wings of National Defence Academy and Indian Naval Academy Course. CDS exam is conducted to select eligible candidates for Indian Military Academy (IMA), Indian Naval Academy (INA), Air Force Academy (AFA) and Officers Training Academy (OTA). NDA and CDS syllabus are different. Candidates can check below in detail: The level of NDA syllabus is of Class 10, 11 and 12 levels. Whereas, the standard of CDS syllabus is of graduation level. NDA syllabus is divided into Maths and GAT. CDS syllabus is divided into Elementary Maths, English and General Awareness. The total marks allotted to the NDA written exam are 900. The total marks allotted to the written exam of CDS are 300 for IMA, INA and AFA and 200 for OTA.

What is the duration of CDS interview process?

The duration of the CDS interview process varies depending on various factors. Including number of candidates appearing for the interview, the number of interviewing officers, and the time taken for evaluation of each candidate. Generally, the interview process takes place over a period of four to five days, with each candidate being called in batches. Each candidate have to appear before a panel of officers for the Personal Interview and the psychological aptitude test, which usually lasts for 30 to 40 minutes.

What are the stages of CDS selection process?

The selection process for the CDS (Combined Defence Services) exam consists of three stages: Written Exam: The first stage of the selection process is a written exam consisting of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on English General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics. The exam is conducted in an offline mode and carries a total of 100 marks for each subject. SSB Interview: Candidates who clear the written exam are called for the Services Selection Board (SSB) interview. The SSB interview consists of a series of tests such as Intelligence and Personality Test, Group Testing Officers (GTO) Tasks, and Personal Interview . The SSB interview is conducted over a period of five days and carries a total of 300 marks. Medical Examination: Candidates who clear the SSB interview are called for a medical examination to ensure that they meet the required physical standards for the respective defense services. The medical examination includes a thorough physical and medical examination by a board of medical officers. On the basis of the performance of the candidates in the written exam, SSB interview, and medical examination, the final merit list is prepared, and candidates are selected for admission to the respective defense academies. Therefore, candidates who wish to join the Indian Army, Navy, or Air Force through the CDS exam should prepare well and perform their best in all the stages of the selection process to increase their chances of selection.

What is the Syllabus for CDS Indian Polity?

Candidates should prepare Indian Constitution, President and Vice President, Governor, Prime Minister and Cabinet, Emergency provisions, Chief Minister, Chairman and State Council Ministers, Legislative Assembly, SC & HC, Tribunals, Auditor General, Finance Commission and Election Commission, Centre-State and Inter-State Relations, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Amendments, Preamble, Panchayati Raj and Municipalities.

What is the syllabus of CDS General knowledge?

General Knowledge section test awareness of current events and general knowledge of the candidates. Important topics include history of India, Geography, Current Affairs, Indian Polity, Economy, Science and Technology, Defence news, etc.

What is the syllabus of CDS Math 2025?

The syllabus of Mathematics consists of Arithmetic, Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry, Mensuration, and Statistics.

What is the syllabus for CDS Geography?

Candidates in Geography should cover Agriculture, Air Drainage, Earth: Core and Surface, Environment, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Globe: Latitudes and Longitudes, Human Resources, Human Settlement, India: Climate, Vegetation and Wildlife, India: Physical Features (Size and Location), Industries, International Trade, Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife Resources, Landforms of the Earth, Life on the Earth (Deserts, Ocean, Jungles, Mountain, Antarctic), Lifelines of National Economy, Maps, Minerals, and Energy Resources, Natural Hazards and Disasters, Natural Vegetation and Wildlife, Physiography, Population (Distribution, Density & Growth), Primary, secondary, Tertiary & Quaternary Activities, Resource and Development, Solar System, Topographic and Weather, Transport & Communication, Tropical, and the Subtropical Region, Water Resources.

The CDS cut off is the minimum qualifying marks that a candidate must secure in order to clear the exam and become eligible for the next stage of the selection process. The cut off marks for the CDS exam are determined by the UPSC which is the conducting authority for the exam. The CDS cut off marks are based on various factors such as the number of vacancies, the difficulty level of the exam, and the performance of the candidates in the exam. The cut off marks are different for each course and category of candidates. The candidates who score equal to or above the cut off marks are considered qualified for the next stage of the selection process, which may include the SSB interview and medical examination. It's important to note that the cut off marks for the CDS exam may vary each year depending on various factors. Candidates should also check the official notification and updates regarding the CDS cut off on the official website of the UPSC. Has context menu.

Is there any difference between CDS 1 and CDS 2 cut off?

Yes, there is a difference between the CDS 1 and CDS 2 cutoff. The CDS exam is conducted twice a year, and the cutoff marks for each session may vary depending on various factors such as the number of candidates, the difficulty level of the exam, and other related factors. The CDS 1 cutoff is usually released in the month of April/May, while the CDS 2 cutoff is released in the month of November/December. The cutoff marks for each session will depend on the number of vacancies available and the performance of the candidates in the exam. Candidates should note that the cutoff marks for each session may differ depending on various factors. Therefore, it is important to check the official notification and updates regarding the CDS cutoff for each session on the official website of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).

How to check CDS cut off?

The CDS (Combined Defense Services) cutoff is usually released by the Union Public Service Commission UPSC after the declaration of the CDS exam result. The cutoff marks are the minimum qualifying marks required by the candidates to clear the exam and become eligible for the next stage of the selection process. Here are the steps to check the CDS cutoff: 1. Visit the official website of the UPSC 2. Click on the "Exam" tab on the homepage. 3. Select "Active Examinations" from the dropdown menu. 4. Click on the link for "CDS Exam" from the list of active examinations. 5. Click on the "Cutoff" link under the "Result" tab. 6. The cutoff marks for the CDS exam will be displayed on the screen. 7. Download and save the cutoff for future reference. Alternatively, candidates can also check the CDS cutoff on other reliable sources, such as news websites or coaching institute websites.

Is there any sectional cut off in CDS exam?

Yes, there is a sectional cut-off in the CDS exam. The CDS exam is conducted in two stages: the written exam and the interview. In the written exam, there are three sections: English General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics. Each section has a separate cut-off, which means that candidates must score the minimum qualifying marks in each section to be eligible for selection. The sectional cut-off may vary from year to year and is determined by the UPSC based on various factors such as the number of candidates, difficulty level of the exam, and availability of seats. The cut-off marks for each section are announced along with the result of the written exam. In addition to the sectional cut-off, there is also an overall cut-off for the written exam. Candidates must score the minimum qualifying marks in the overall exam to be eligible for the interview stage. The overall cut-off is also announced along with the result of the written exam. It is important for candidates to prepare and perform well in all sections of the CDS exam to meet the sectional and overall cut-off requirements and increase their chances of success.

Why CDS exam is conducted?

The CDS exam is conducted by the UPSC to select candidates for admission to various courses in the Indian Military Academy (IMA), Indian Naval Academy (INA), Air Force Academy (AFA), and Officers' Training Academy (OTA). The CDS exam is conducted twice a year, and candidates who meet the eligibility criteria can apply for the exam. The exam consists of a written test followed by a Services Selection Board (SSB) interview, which is designed to assess the personality traits and suitability of the candidates for the respective course or post. The CDS exam is a highly competitive exam, and candidates who clear the written test and the SSB interview are selected for admission to the respective course or post based on their overall performance in the exam. The CDS exam provides an opportunity for candidates who are interested in a career in the Indian Armed Forces to pursue their dream and serve the country with honor and pride.

What documents do I need to carry to the CDS exam centre?

Candidates need to carry the following documents to the CDS exam centre: 1. CDS Admit Card: Candidates must carry the CDS admit card to the exam centre. The admit card will be released by the Union Public Service Commission UPSC a few weeks before the exam. 2. Photo ID Proof: Candidates must carry a valid photo ID proof, such as Aadhaar card, PAN card, driving license, or passport, to the exam centre. The ID proof must be original and should not be expired. 3. Two passport size photographs: Candidates must carry two passport size photographs to the exam centre. The photographs should be recent and identical. Candidates should ensure that all the details mentioned on the admit card, photo ID proof, and photographs match with each other. Candidates should also reach the exam centre at least 30 minutes before the reporting time mentioned on the admit card. It's important to note that candidates who fail to carry any of the above documents to the exam centre will not be allowed to appear for the exam. Candidates should also check the official notification and updates regarding the CDS exam on the official website of the UPSC for any changes or updates related to the documents required at the exam centre.

How many exam centres allotted to CDS exam?

The number of exam centres allotted for the CDS exam may vary each year depending on the number of candidates and other related factors. The UPSC which is the conducting authority for the CDS exam, usually releases a list of exam centres along with the notification for the exam. In general, the CDS exam is conducted at multiple centres across India to accommodate the large number of candidates who appear for the exam. Candidates can choose their preferred exam centre while filling out the application form, and the final allotment of exam centres is done by the UPSC based on the availability of seats and other related factors. Candidates should check the official notification for the CDS exam on the official website of the UPSC to get the latest updates on the exam centres and other related information.

Can I change my CDS exam centre after submitting the CDS application form?

No, candidates cannot change their CDS exam centre after submitting the application form. The exam centre allotted by the Union Public Service Commission UPSC is final, and candidates must appear for the exam at the allotted centre only. Therefore, candidates are advised to carefully choose their preferred exam centre while filling out the application form and ensure that they can reach the exam centre on the day of the exam. Candidates should also check the official notification and updates regarding the CDS exam on the official website of the UPSC for any changes or updates related to the exam centre.

How can I prepare for the CDS exam in three months?

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts the CDS exam evey six months. The candidates can prepare for the CDS exam in three month. However, the candidates need to focus and study rigorously in order to crack the CDS exam in three months. While preparing for the CDS exam in three months, the candidates need to take following things in consideration: Basics of the exam: If a candidate has completed his/her graduation and twelfth standard with grip on the subjects then it is easy to cover the complete syllabus in time. However, if the candidate have to start from scratch then it will be very difficult to cover the syllabus of the CDS exam Time Table: The candidate must stic a time table that can complete the syllabus in time as well as leave ample time for revisions and mock tests Question Pattern: The candidtae must go through the question pattern and solve the previous years' question paper and search for repition in topics and question asked in the exam. Mock Test: Take maximum number of mock tests in exam condiction to get habit of sitting and taking the exam. It will help the candidate get relief from freefo in the CDS exam.

What should I prepare for maths and English in CDS?

The candidates can prepare for the CDS exam by following through pattern by being familiar with the past year examination papers, students can also refer to few books to prepare. Let yourself go through the enlisted books for CDS Best Books for CDS English Language- Objective General English by RS Aggarwal Word Power Made Easy by Norman Lewis High and School English Grammar and Composition Books for General Knowledge and for Current Affairs Candidates need to read the newspapers regularly in order to keep themselves updated with recent events. The books that candidates can refer to for this section are given below: Manorama Yearbook Lucents General Knowledge Competition in Focus (Half-Yearly and Yearly) CDS books for Elementary Mathematics Best Books for Elementary Mathematics The candidates can refer to the enlisted books for preparing for the CDS elementary mathematics: Mathematics for CDS by RS Aggarwal Quantitative Aptitude for Examinations paperback by RS Aggarwal.

Is there a time limit for each subject in CDS exam?

Yes, there is a time limit for each subject in the CDS exam. The exam is conducted in three stages, namely a written exam, an interview, and a medical exam. The written exam comprises three papers: English General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics, and each paper has a specific time limit as mentioned below: a) English 2 hours b) General Knowledge: 2 hours c) Maths 2 hours The total time duration of the CDS exam is 6 hours. It is essential to manage time effectively during the exam to attempt all questions within the given time frame. Candidates should also keep in mind that there is a negative marking for incorrect answers and they should answer the questions carefully.

What are some effective ways to revise for the CDS exam?

Here are some effective ways to revise for the CDS exam: Make notes: Making notes is an effective way to revise for the CDS exam. While preparing for the exam, make notes of important concepts, formulas, and key points. These notes will help you revise quickly and efficiently. Revise regularly: Regular revision is essential for retaining the information and concepts. Schedule regular revision sessions to go through your notes, study material, and sample papers. Solve previous year question papers: Solving previous year question papers is an effective way to revise for the CDS exam. It will help you understand the exam pattern, types of questions asked, and improve your time management skills. Use flashcards: Flashcards are an effective way to revise important concepts and formulas. Write down the important concepts and formulas on flashcards and revise them regularly. Practice mock tests: Mock tests are an effective way to revise for the CDS exam. They will help you evaluate your performance, identify your strengths and weaknesses, and improve your time management skills. Discuss with peers and mentors: Discussing the concepts and solving problems with peers and mentors is an effective way to revise for the CDS exam. It will help you clarify your doubts and get feedback on your performance. Remember, revision is an ongoing process, and you should allocate enough time for it in your overall preparation strategy. Also, make sure to focus on understanding the concepts and not just memorizing them.

What are the perks for CDS officers?

The Combined Defence Services is one of the most challenging but respectable careers to aspire to. CDS officers get many perks, which include the following: 1. Salary: The officers get a fixed stipend during training, which is Rs. 56,100 per month. After commissioning into the respective services, the officers get a salary as per their rank. 2. Allowances: Officers get many additional allowances such as Dearness Allowance, Uniform Allowance, High Altitude Allowance and Children education allowance etc. 3. Ration: In field areas, defence officers get a free ration, and in peace areas they get a Ration Money Allowance (RMA). 4. Other perks: Officers as well as their family members get facilities such as medical facilities, canteen facilities, and accommodation on concessional rent.

What are the educational criteria to apply for CDS exam?

The candidates who wants to appear for the CDS exam must fulfill the eligibility criteria of the CDS exam. The candidates who did not fulfill the eligibility criteria of the CDS exam will not be allowed to fill out the application for the CDS exam. The educational criteria for the CDS exam have been given below for the candidates Indian Military Academy: Graduation Degree Indian Naval Academy: B.E and B.Tech (Intermediate with Physics and Maths Air Force Academy: Graduation, B.E and B.Tech (Intermediate with Physics and Maths Officers Training Academy (Men): Graduation Degree Officers Training Academy (Women): Graduation Degree.

Can girls apply for CDS exam?

Yes, girls can apply for CDS exam. They are considered for OTA and are allotted to SSC (Short Service Commission) in the non-technical cadre. The SSC ends after 10 to 14 years of service. Further, the commissioned girls can apply for the permanent service after the approval of the board. The girls cannot be admitted in IMA, INA, and AFA through CDS exam. Though, the candidates can apply for the Indian Air Force as pilot or ground duty officers through the AFCAT exam.

How many vacancies are expected in CDS 2025?

The Union Public Service Commission released the CDS examination 2025 approximate number of vacancies. It is around 457 vacancies will be announced for various defence services.

How CDS exam expected cut off marks are determined?

Expected cut off marks for the CDS (Combined Defense Services) exam are determined based on various factors such as the number of vacancies, the difficulty level of the exam, and the performance of the candidates in the exam. Here are some of the factors that are taken into consideration while determining the expected cut off marks for the CDS exam: 1. Number of vacancies: The expected cut off marks for the CDS exam will depend on the number of vacancies available for the respective course or post. If the number of vacancies is high, the expected cut off marks may be lower, and vice versa. 2. Difficulty level of the exam: The expected cut off marks will depend on the difficulty level of the exam. If the exam is more difficult, the expected cut off marks may be higher, and vice versa. 3. Previous year cut off marks: The previous year cut off marks are taken into consideration while determining the expected cut off marks for the CDS exam. The expected cut off marks may be similar to the previous year cut off marks or may vary slightly depending on the factors mentioned above. 4. Performance of the candidates: The performance of the candidates in the exam is also taken into consideration while determining the expected cut off marks. If the overall performance of the candidates is good, the expected cut off marks may be higher, and vice versa.

Why is it important to give CDS mock tests?

The CDS exam is conducted twice a year for admission to IMA, Indian Naval Academy, and Air Force Academy. Basically, it works as a tool for students to prepare for an upcoming exam. Candidate will get an idea of the actual examination. Mock tests make candidates realise their mistakes that must be taken care of before going to the exam.

Is the CDS merit list prepared on the basis of CDS cut off?

The merit list for the CDS exam is prepared based on the marks obtained by the candidates in the written exam and the performance in the SSB interview. The cut off marks for the written exam are used as a qualifying criterion to shortlist candidates for the SSB interview, and the final merit list is prepared based on the marks obtained in both the written exam and the SSB interview. The marks obtained by the candidates in the written exam are used to determine the eligibility of the candidates for the SSB interview. Only those candidates who score equal to or above the cut off marks in the written exam are considered eligible for the SSB interview. The final merit list is prepared based on the marks obtained by the candidates in both the written exam and the SSB interview. Therefore, while the CDS cut off marks are an important criterion for shortlisting candidates for the SSB interview, the final merit list is prepared based on the overall performance of the candidates in both the written exam and the SSB interview.

Is it compulsory to give CDS mock test?

The CDS exam requires in depth knowledge and clarity of concepts or conceptual clarity. So, regular solving of mock tests of the CDS exam is essential. It provides an additional advantage that a candidate requires to succeed in the exam. It also helps to test the preparation level and evaluate the progress of the candidate.

What is the pattern for CDS written exam?

The CDS (Combined Defence Services) written exam consists of three papers English General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics. The details of the pattern for each paper are as follows: English: The English paper is of 2 hours duration and carries a total of 100 marks. It tests the candidate's proficiency in the English language and includes questions on comprehension, synonyms, antonyms, error detection, sentence rearrangement, and fill in the blanks. General Knowledge: The General Knowledge paper is of 2 hours duration and carries a total of 100 marks. It tests the candidate's knowledge of current events, history, geography, and other topics related to India and the world. Elementary Mathematics: The Elementary Mathematics paper is of 2 hours duration and carries a total of 100 marks. It tests the candidate's knowledge of elementary mathematics, including topics such as arithmetic, Algebra geometry, and Trigonometry. All the papers are objective type and consist of multiple-choice questions (MCQs). The standard of the papers is that of a graduate-level examination. It is important to note that there is negative marking for wrong answers in the CDS written exam. One-third of the marks assigned to a question will be deducted for each wrong answer. Therefore, candidates should prepare well and practice solving mock tests and previous year question papers to score well in the CDS written exam and increase their chances of selection.

Is there a time limit for each subject in CDS exam?

Yes, there is a time limit for each subject in the CDS exam. The exam is conducted in three stages, namely a written exam, an interview, and a medical exam. The written exam comprises three papers: English General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics, and each paper has a specific time limit as mentioned below: a) English 2 hours b) General Knowledge: 2 hours c) Maths 2 hours The total time duration of the CDS exam is 6 hours. It is essential to manage time effectively during the exam to attempt all questions within the given time frame. Candidates should also keep in mind that there is a negative marking for incorrect answers and they should answer the questions carefully.

CDS 2025: CDS 1 Result 2024, Final Merit List, Exam Date, Pattern & Syllabus

578 Students Q&A

Exam On - 13 Apr '25

Updated on Feb 3, 2025 15:53 IST

By Shikha Goyal, Assistant Manager

CDS 2025: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) released the CDS 1 Result 2024 of recommended candidates. Earlier, the authority released the CDS 1 2024 final merit list at upsc.gov.in. 590 candidates made it to the final list. Out of these 120 are women and 470 are men who will enrolled in the 35th Short Service Commission Women (NonTechnical) and 121st Short Service Commission Course (Men), which will begin in April 2025.

The UPSC will conduct the CDS 1 2025 exam on April 13, 2025. The admit card is a mandatory document that will be released on the official website for the CDS 1 2025 exam. The CDS 1 2025 application correction window was activated. The CDS 1 2025 registration process was closed on January 1, 2025. The CDS 1 application form 2025 was released on December 11, 2024, on the official website. The CDS 1 2025 notification was released on December 11, 2024. The notification for CDS 1 2025 was published in the form of a PDF and consists of the important details related to the CDS exam. The authority released CDS 1 2025 approximate number of vacancies 457 that will be filled by the organisation through the recruitment process.

On the other hand, CDS 2 2025 notification will be released on May 28, 2025. The CDS 2 application form 2025 will be available from May 28 to June 17, 2025. The CDS 2 2025 exam will be conducted on September 14, 2025. As per the exam pattern, the total marks for IMA, INA, and AFA is 300 and for OTA 200. Scroll down to know more details about the CDS exam including the CDS Syllabus, dates, eligibility, vacancies, exam pattern, syllabus, selection process, and more.

Direct Link: Check CDS 1 Result 2024 of recommended candidates

CDS Latest News & Updates

CDS I 2024 Final Merit List Out; Download at upsc.gov.in

What is CDS Exam 2025?

The Combined Defence Services Examination, commonly known as CDS, is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for the recruitment of Commissioned Officers in the Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force. It is a national-level competitive exam. CDS's full form is the Combined Defence Services Exam (CDS). The CDS exam is held twice a year, usually in April and September. Every year, a large number of candidates appear for the national-level Defence entrance examination. The selection of candidates is based on the written exam followed by the SSB Interview for intelligence and personality tests. Shortlisted candidates are placed at the following academies based on their preferences and merit. Candidates selected through the CDS 2025 written exam will undergo training Indian Military Academy (IMA), Indian Naval Academy (INA), Air Force Academy (AFA), and Officers Training Academy (OTA). After completing training, candidates are selected for the post of lieutenant. The stipend paid to the candidates during training is INR 56,100.

Academy	State/City
Indian Military Academy	Dehradun
Indian Naval Academy	Ezhimala
Air Force Academy	Hyderabad
Officers' Training Academy (SSC Men)	Chennai
Officers' Training Academy (SSC Women)	Chennai

Also Read:

Best Tips for Women to Crack CDS Exam 2025

CDS 1 & 2 Exam

CDS 1 exam is conducted for the courses commencing at Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, Air Force Academy, Hyderabad, Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala in January as well as Officers Training Academy, Chennai courses starting in April.

CDS 2 exam is conducted for the courses commencing at Indian Military Academy, Dehradun, Air Force Academy, Hyderabad, Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala in July, and Officers Training Academy, Chennai courses starting in October.

Also Read: CDS Previous Years' Question Papers

CDS Exam Dates 2025

The authority revised the UPSC calendar for 2025. The CDS 1 notification 2025 was released on December 11, 2024 and the last date to fill out the application form was January 1, 2025. The CDS 1 exam 2025 will be conducted on April 13, 2025.

Also Read: UPSC Calendar 2025

CDS 2025 Exam Highlights

Go through the highlights of the UPSC CDS 1 exam from the table below to know every bit of the examination. Male and female candidates seeking admission to the Indian Military Academy, Indian Naval Academy, Air Force Academy, and Officers' Training Academy can check out the recruitment process.

Parameters	Details
Name of exam	Combined Defence Services Examination
Conducted by	Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
Exam Level	National
Exam frequency	Twice a year (April and September)
Exam mode	Offline
Exam stages	Written exam and SSB Interview
Exam fees	INR 200 for General and OBC male candidates Female, SC, and ST candidates are exempted from fee payment
Exam timing	The time allotted to each paper such as English, General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics is two hours
Language of question paper	English and Hindi
No of questions	Elementary Maths: 100 General English: 120 General Knowledge: 120
No.of papers	Indian Military Academy (IMA), Indian Naval Academy (INA), and Air Force Academy (AFA): Three (English, General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics) Officers’ Training Academy (OTA): Two (English and General Knowledge)
CDS Exam Pattern	Written Exam IMA, INA and AFA: 300 OTA: 200 SSB Interview IMA, INA and AFA: 300 OTA: 200
Marking scheme	One mark for the correct answer One-third mark is deducted for wrong answers
CDS 1 Result 2025	To be Released in May 2025
Exam purpose	To select candidates as Commissioned Officers in Indian Army, Navy, and Air Force
Vacancies	Total 459 vacancies were announced for CDS 2 exam 2024
No of the test cities	More than 70
Official website	upsc.gov.in
Contact number	011-23385271/011-23381125/011-23098543

Prepare for Competitive Exams with Expert Tips on English Section

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CDS 1 Result 2025

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) released the CDS 1 2024 Final merit list. Candidates can check below. Further, the authority will release the CDS I 2025 exam result for all four courses i.e. IMA, INA, AFA, OTA (Men) & OTA (Women) of Combined Defence Services Examination –(I) , 2025, on the official website. The result will be released in the form of a PDF that comprises the name and roll number of the candidates who qualified for the CDS exam. The candidates will also be able to check the CDS result on the official website-upsc.gov.in.

Download CDS 1 FInal Merit List 2024 PDF: Click Here

UPSC CDS I Result 2025: To be updated here

How to Download CDS 1 Result 2025?

The candidates can check the CDS I 2025 result by following the steps given below:

Go to the official website-upsc.gov.in
Click on the CDS I result link on the website
The CDS I 2024 result PDF will appear on the screen
Check the result and save it for later use

CDS Selection Process

CDS selection process comprises the release of notification & application form, issue of admit card for the written exam, appearing in the written exam, declaration of result for the written exam, appearing in the SSB interview, and declaration of the final result. The infographic below shows the entire CDS selection process for the CDS exam:

CDS Exam Pattern 2025

CDS exam pattern 2025 is divided into a written exam and SSB Interview. The written exam for IMA, INA, and AFA comprises three sections: English, General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics. The test paper for admission to OTA comprises two sections: English and General Knowledge. Each section is held for two hours. The total marks of the test for IMA, INA, and AFA are 300, while it is 200 for OTA. The SSB Interview for IMA, INA, and AFA carries 300 marks each while it is 200 marks for OTA. The SSB Interview procedure consists of two stages: I and II. Stage I of the SSB Interview comprises Officer Intelligence Rating (OIR) tests and Picture Perception Description Test (PP&DT) and Interviews, Group Testing Officer Tasks, Psychology Tests, and Conferences.

CDS Admit Card 2025

CDS 1 admit card 2025 will be issued online by UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) on the official website-upsc.gov.in. The candidates will be allowed to access the CDS 1 admit card from the official website through the candidate's login using the registration number or roll number and date of birth. The steps to download the admit card by following the steps given below:

Go to the official website
Click on the CDS admit card link
The link will redirect to the new page
Click on the CDS Admit card link
Read the instructions carefully
Fill out the details asked like application number, date of birth, etc.
Click on the submit button
The admit card will appear on the screen
Download the admit card and save it for later use

Direct link to download CDS 1 Admit Card 2025: To be updated here

Discrepancies in UPSC CDS Admit Card

Candidates are advised to check their name, father’s name, category, date of birth, photograph, signature, etc. printed on the admit card carefully. In case there are any discrepancies in the details, candidates should immediately contact the examination authority. Candidates should provide the following details while reporting the issue:

Exam name and year
Registration number
Roll number
Postal address (Candidates need to mention the application number)

What to Do If You Find Discrepancy in the CDS Admit Card?

According to the latest instructions by the UPSC for the CDS exam, the candidates should follow the measures given below:

In case of any discrepancy in the e-Admit Card, the same may be communicated to the Commission immediately at e-mail ID: Skindo- upsc@gov.in, to enable the Commission to decide between the matte
In case the photograph is not visible or available on the e-admit Card, candidates are advised to carry three (03) identical photographs (one photograph for each session) along with the printout of the e-admit Card at the Venue of the Examination for appearing at the Examination with an undertaking. No paper Admit Card will be issued for the Examination by the Commission

CDS Syllabus 2025

CDS Syllabus comprises topics from English, General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics. The standard of the CDS syllabus for Mathematics is of Class 10 standard, while for other subjects, it is of graduation level. Candidates can check the syllabus below.

Subjects	Topics
English	Antonyms, Sentence improvement, Comprehension, Synonyms, Spotting Errors, etc.
General Knowledge	Economics, Current Awareness, Defence, Biology, Physics, Chemistry, etc.
Elementary Maths	Arithmetic, Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry, Mensuration, Statistics, etc.

CDS Books 2025

The subject-wise books for CDS 2025 are given below.

CDS Books for General Awareness

Books	Author
General Awareness	Manohar Panday (Arihant Publications)
Manorama Yearbook	Philip Mathew
Pratiyogita Darpan (Magazines)	Pratiyogita Darpan Editorial Team
Newspapers	Hindu, The Indian Express, The Economic Times

CDS Books for English

Books	Author
Objective General English	S P Bakshi (Arihant Publications)
High School English Grammar & Composition	Wren and Martin
Word Power Made Easy	Norman Lewis

CDS Books for Maths

Books	Author
Mathematics for C.D.S.	R S Aggarwal
Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examinations	R S Aggarwal
Pathfinder for CDS

Also Read: CDS books

CDS Preparation Tips 2025

Lakhs of candidates appear for the CDS exam every year, therefore, the competition is high. Candidates need to prepare well to ace the exam. Here are a few tips and tricks on how candidates can prepare for the exam:

Understand the exam pattern and syllabus
Solve previous years' question papers to know the types of questions asked in the exam and difficulty level
Lay emphasis on the important topics
Make a proper timetable and follow that diligently
Clear the basic concepts of Maths from the high school books

Also Read: CDS preparation tips

CDS Exam Day Guidelines

While appearing for the CDS exam, candidates need to follow the exam day guidelines given below:

Candidates should carry their admit cards along with one photo identity proof (original and photocopy) to the exam centre
Candidates are allowed to carry a clipboard or hardboard, black ball pen to the exam centre
A sheet for doing rough work is provided by the invigilator
Candidates should not bring books, notes, loose sheets, electronic or any other type of calculators, mathematical and drawing instruments, log tables, stencils, slide rules, test booklets, and rough sheets
Mobiles, Bluetooth, pagers, or any other communication devices are not allowed inside the premises of the exam centre

Also Read: CDS exam day guidelines

CDS Application Form 2025

DeskCalendar Registration: 28 May '25 - 17 Jun '25

The CDS 1 2025 application process was started on December 11, 2024. The last date to apply was January 1, 2025. Candidates need to register themselves for the OTR and then they were allowed to fill out the CDS application form.

How to Make Corrections in the CDS 1 Application Form?

The steps to make corrections in the CDS 1 application form have been given below for the candidates:

Go to the official website
Click on the link available for CDS 1 form correction
Log in to the registered account using login credentials
Make corrections to the CDS 1 application correction
Save and print a copy of the modified CDS 1 application form
Log out from the registered profile

How to Make Corrections in UPSC OTR Profile?

The candidates need to follow the steps given below to register themselves on the OTR platform:

Go to the official website: upsconline.nic.in
Click on the registration link
Click on the new registration tab
Fill out the details asked- Name, Mother's Name, Father's Name, Mobile Number, Email Id, etc
Password will be sent to the registered email id and mobile number.
Re-login to the account and reset the password
After the re-login go to the account and click on the CDS 1 application form link to apply for the exam

Also Read: NDA vs CDS 2025

CDS Application Fee

The application fees can be paid both online and offline
The application fees are INR 200 for General and OBC male candidates
SC and ST candidates were exempted from fee payment

Also Read: CDS OTA Syllabus 2025

How to Fill CDS 1 2025 Application Form Online?

The steps have been given below for the candidates to apply for the CDS 1 exam:

Go to the official website- upsconline.nic.in
Login into the account on the OTR platform (The registration process for OTR has given above)
Fill out the details that have been asked for part 1 registration
Upload the photograph, signature and photo identity proof
Make the application fees
Choose the exam centre for the CDS 1 exam
Finally, submit the application form
The confirmation message will be sent to the registered mobile number and email id

Direct link to Apply for CDS 1 2025: -https://upsconline.nic.in/upsc/OTRP/

Watch How to Fill Out CDS Application Form?

CDS Notification 2025

The CDS 1 notification was published by UPSC on December 11, 2024, on the official website of UPSC at upsc.gov.in. The notification was released in PDF format and the candidates can have access to it by following the steps given below:

Go to the official website
Click on the CDS 1 notification 2025 in the What's New Section
Click on the CDS 1 notification PDF link
The CDS 1 notification PDF will appear on the screen
Download the CDS 1 2025 PDF and save it for later use

CDS 1 Notification 2025 PDF: Download Here

CDS Eligibility 2025

To be eligible for the exam, candidates need to fulfil the following CDS Eligibility Criteria 2025:

CDS Nationality

Candidates who have settled in India permanently can apply for the CDS exam.

CDS 1 Age Limit 2025

Candidates can check below the prescribed age limit for the CDS 1 exam:

For the Indian Military Academy (IMA), unmarried males must be between 19 to 24 years
For the Indian Naval Academy, unmarried male candidates must be between 19 to 24 years
Candidates applying for the Air Force Academy should be between 20 to 24 years
For the Officers’ Training Academy (SSC Course for men), unmarried male candidates must be between 19 to 26 years
For the Officers’ Training Academy (SSC Women Non-Technical Course), candidates between 19 to 26 years

CDS 2 Age Limit 2025

The CDS 2 age limit prescribed by UPSC for applying to the different academies is given below:

IMA: Candidates for IMA should be unmarried and must have been born not earlier than the age limit prescribed in the CDS notification
INA: Unmarried male candidates can apply for INA
AFA: To apply for AFA, the age of candidates should be between 20 to 24 years. The upper age limit of candidates holding valid and current Commercial Pilot Licence issued by DGCA (India) is relaxed up to 26 years
OTA (SSC Course for men): To apply for the OTA course (SSC Men), candidates must be unmarried and must be within the age limit prescribed in the CDS notification
OTA (SSC Women Non-Technical Course): Unmarried women, issueless widows who have not remarried and issueless divorcees who have not remarried are eligible to apply.

CDS Qualification

Candidates need to meet the following educational qualifications for applying for the CDS exam:

For IMA and Officers’ Training Academy, the required educational qualification is Graduation in any discipline from a recognised university
For the Indian Naval Academy, candidates must have a degree in Engineering from a recognised university
For Air Force Academy, candidates must have a degree in Engineering from a recognised university. They must have studied Physics and Mathematics in Class 12

Note: Candidates who are studying in the final year/semester of Graduation can also apply provided they do not have any backlog up to the last year/semester for which results have been declared at the time of submitting the application form. They are required to submit proof of passing graduation at the time of the commencement of the course.

Can the 12th pass apply for CDS?

No, to be eligible for the CDS exam candidates must have a graduation degree from a recognised university or be appearing in the final year of their graduation. The candidates who want to apply for INA must have a degree in Engineering from a recognised University and Institution while AFA candidates must have a degree from a recognised University (with Physics and Maths at 10+2 level) or a Bachelor of Engineering degree.

Graduates with first choice as Army/Navy/Air Force are to submit proof of Graduation/provisional certificates on the date of commencement of the SSB Interview at the SSB. Candidates who are in the final year of graduation can apply provisionally.

Can females apply for CDS Exam?

Yes, female candidates can apply for the CDS exam for Officers' Training Academy courses.

CDS Physical Fitness

Candidates must be physically and mentally fit as per the guidelines prescribed by UPCS. Candidates are advised to check the CDS physical and medical standards before applying for the CDS exam.

CDS Heights and Weight Standards

The minimum required height for male candidates is 157.5 cm. (157 cm for the Navy and 162.5 cm for the Air Force) and that for female candidates is 152 cm.
Gorkhas and individuals belonging to the North-Eastern region of India, Garhwali, and Kumaon, the minimum required height is 5 cm less than the other candidates.
For candidates from Lakshadweep, the minimum required height is 2 cm less than the candidates from other regions.
Body Mass Index (BMI) should be below 25.
The ratio of the waist and hip should be below 0.9 for males and 0.8 for females.
Waist Circumference should be less than 90 cm for males and 80 cm for females.

Visual Standards for CDS 2025

Candidates who want to appear in CDS 2025 must know about visual standards. The UPSC has divided visual standards into three parts – IMA & OTA, Naval Candidates, and Air Force. The details of the visual standards are given below:

CDS IMA and OTA Visual standards

Uncorrected vision (max allowed) - 6/60 &6/60
BCVA - Right 6/6 & Left 6/6
Myopia -
Hypermetropia -
Lasik/equivalent surgery - Permitted
Colour perception: CP II

CDS Naval Visual Standards

Uncorrected without glasses: 6/12, 6/12
Corrected with glasses: 6/6, 6/6
Myopia Limit: -1.5D
Hypermetropia Limit: +1.5D
Binocular Vision: III
Limits of Colour Perception: I

CDS Air Force Visual Standards

Candidates who wear spectacles regularly are not eligible for India Air Force. The visual standards for the Air Force have been given below:

Hypermetropia Colour Vision CP-1
Hypermetropia: +2.0 d Sph
Manifest Myopia: Nil
Retinoscopic Myopia- 0.5 in any meridian
Astigmatism : +0.75 D Cyl (with + 2.0 D- Max)

Maddox Rod Test

at 33 cms:

Exo-16 prism D
Eso-6 prism D
Hyper-1 prism D
Hypo-1 prism D

at 6 meters:

Exo-6 prism D
Eso-6 prism D
Hyper-1 prism D
Hypo-1prism D

CDS Vacancy 2025

The UPSC released the vacancy for CDS 1 along with the notification PDF. However, the candidates can check the released vacancy details of the CDS 1 exam along with the notification. The candidates can check the CDS 1 2024 vacancy break up in the table below:

Institution	Approximate Number of Vacancies
Indian Military Academy (IMA)	100
Indian Naval Academy (INA)	32
Air Force Academy (AFA)	32
Officer Training Academy - Men (OTA)	275
Officer Training Academy - Women (OTA)	18
Total	457

CDS Exam Centres 2025

CDS exam 2025 will be conducted in more than 70 cities in three shifts. Candidates are required to enter their preferences for CDS 2025 exam centres while filling out the application form. Candidates can choose only one exam city at the time of application. CDS exam centres are allotted to candidates on a first-apply-first-allot basis. Some of the CDS exam centres 2025 are given below.

CDS Exam Centres
Agartala	Ranchi
Ghaziabad	Bengaluru
Panaji	Jaipur
Agra	Sambalpur
Gorakhpur	Bareilly
Patna	Jammu
Ajmer	Shillong
Gurgaon	Bhopal
Port Blair	Jodhpur
Ahmedabad	Shimla
Gwalior	Siligudi
Prayagraj	Dehradun
Aizawl	Bilaspur
Hyderabad	Jorhat
Puducherry	Kozhikode
Aligarh	Cuttack
Imphal	Thane
Pune	Kolkata
Almora	Thiruvananthapuram
Indore	Coimbatore
Raipur	Srinagar
Anantapur	Kohima
Itanagar	Chennai
Rajkot	Srinagar
Aurangabad	Kochi
Jabalpur	Chandigarh
Leh	-

CDS Question Paper 2025

CDS 1 question papers for all subjects will be available here. The UPSC released the question papers in PDF format officially. Candidates will be able to raise objections against the CDS question papers. To access the question paper representation portal, candidates need to log in with their roll number, date of birth, and captcha code. Candidates can download the Previous Year CDS Question Paper through the link below.

Subject Name	CDS 2 Question Paper PDF 2024
Elemantary Maths (Set A)	Download Here
General Knowledge (Set A)	Download Here
English (Set A)	Download Here

CDS Exam Analysis 2025

Shiksha will visit one of the exam centres for the CDS 1 2025 and will take the review from the students who will sit in the exam. After the conduction of an exam, analysis will be provided below. Candidates can check below CDS 2 2024 analysis based on the student reactions:

English

Total questions attempted: 90-93
Todays English paper was lengthy
Paper pattern is different as compared to CDS 1
Overall difficulty: Easy to moderate
New questions asked in the English exam

GK
As per the student, Current affairs questions are predictable, similar to CDS 1 exam 70-75 questions attempted, polity questions were asked, in GK cutoff will be decreased. The overall Difficulty level of GK exam was moderate.

Maths

As per the students, overall Difficulty level of the CDS 2 2024 Maths question paper was Easy to Moderate. pattern was changed. Statement questions were asked. Trignometry questions were there.Good attempts 70-80. Expected cutoff can be 120-150.

CDS 2 Maths Exam Analysis 2024

CDS 2 English & GK Exam Analysis 2024

Check here the CDS 1 2024 review. Shiksha visited one of the exam centres for the CDS 1 2024 exam and took the exam review from the students who have taken the exam. Check their reaction and the difficulty level of the exam according to them on the page below:

Yash Tomar said, " The CDS exam for OTA was moderate in nature. However, the GK paper was moderate to difficult. The questions were asked from economics in General Awareness. The English paper was easy and dowable in nature."
Adhirat Deshwal said, "The exam pattern was a bit different in English from the previous year's exam i. No questions were asked from modern history. The English paper was moderate to difficult and the question, synonyms, and antonyms were dominant in the English question Paper."
Nishant said, " The CDS maths questions were moderate. The questions from Economics were dominant approximately 10 to 15 questions from the subject. The questions from Science was decreased."
Jasveer said, " The Maths was easy as compared to the previous year. The pattern was changed in the English section, the questions from linguistics were dominant in the English section."
Rajnish said, " The overall difficulty level for the CDS exam was moderate. The General Knowledge section was doable in nature and the Maths section was moderate in nature.

CDS 1 English & GK Exam Analysis 2024

CDS 1 Maths Exam Analysis 2024

CDS 2 English & GK Exam Analysis 2023

The CDS 2 2023 English section analysis was shared on September 3, 2023, after the exam was over. Check the topic-wise difficulty level of English and GK below:

Manish Kumar Jha Said, " The CDS exam for OTA was moderate. However, the GK paper was moderate to difficult. The questions were asked from the 8 months of current affairs. The English paper was easy and dowable."
Himanshi said, "The exam pattern was a bit different from the previous year's exam. No questions were asked from modern history. The English paper was easy and the question, synonyms, and antonyms were dominant in the English question Paper. The latest currents were asked in the GK."
Narayani Kumari," The questions were good for both English and Gk Sections. The questions were asked from recent current affairs and had questions from all sections like Biology, Physics, and Chemistry. The expected cut-off for the General candidates can go up to 120 marks."
Sandeep," The exam was lengthy for GK and English. The overall difficulty level for the exam is moderate to difficult. The current affairs were asked till January 2023. The cut-off for the CSD 2 exam will be below 100 for the General candidates.

CDS 2 2023 Exm Analysis VIdeo (GK & English)

CDS 2 2023 Exam Analysis Maths

Check the reaction of the students who have taken the CDS 2 maths exam below:

Rishabh Anand Mandal said, "Maths was a little difficult as compared to the other sections. The paper was lengthy and the questions from algebra were dominant in the exam".
Devesh said, "The exam was good and the difficulty level of the maths paper was high and the questions were asked from advanced algebra. The expected cut-off will be around 120".
Saransh said," The maths was moderately difficult. The questions were asked from statistics, percentages, algebra, arithmetic, triangles, and more.
Md. Mursallain said, "The maths sections were easy. The questions were asked from trigonometry and the difficulty level of them were easy, geometry and mensuration question were dominant in the paper.

CDS 2 2023 Maths Exam Analysis Video

CDS 2 2023 Exam Analysis Shorts

CDS 1 Exam Analysis 2023

The candidates can check the CDS exam analysis for the CDS 1 exam below. The exam reaction video has also been provided for the candidates in the article below.

CDS 1 English Exam Analysis 2023

The CDS 1 2023 exam analysis for the CDS English Paper has been shared below for the candidates. The candidates can check the difficulty level of the question paper in the article. Check the topic-wise weightage in the CDS English Exam:

The English Paper was Moderate in Nature
The Questions were asked about Idioms and Phrases, Figures of speech, Gerund and Participle, Adjective, etc
Ten questions were asked from each section mentioned-Figure of Speech, Spotting Errors, Filling in the blanks, Completion of Sentences, Cloze Test, Ordering Sentences

CDS 1 General Knowledge Exam Analysis

The CDS 1 Exam analysis for general knowledge has been given below for the candidates. The candidates can check the difficulty level and question paper in the article:

The overall CDS General Knowledge paper was Moderate in nature
There GK Sections were asked in depth.
The Science section was dominant in the paper

CDS 1 Elementary Maths Exam Analysis 2023

The CDS 1 exam for elementary mathematics has been given below for the candidates. Check the difficulty level of the CDS maths paper below:
The CDS Maths Paper was moderate in nature and comprised the previous year's questions.
The question was asked about ratio and proportion, time and work, distance and speed, HCF and LCM, Algebra, Cube and Cub roots, Factorial, etc.

CDS 1 2023 Exam Student Reaction Video

CDS Reaction Video (Shorts)

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CDS 1 Answer Key 2025

The CDS 1 2025 answer keys will be released by the UPSC on the official website. However, the coaching institutes release the CDS 1 answer key for the candidates who will sit in the CDS 1 exam. CDS Answer Key by Coaching Institutes is a significant part of the CDS 1 2025 exam. With the help of these answer keys, the candidates can calculate their marks for the exam and estimate their chances of getting selected for the SSB interview.

CDS 1 Answer Key 2025

The unofficial answer key for the CDS 1 exam will be released by various coaching Institutes. The candidates will be able to download the CDS 1 Answer Key PDF by following the steps given below:

Click on the link for CDS 1 Answer Key
Click on the CDS Answer PDF Link
The CDS 1 Answer Key PDF will appear on the screen
Download the CDS 1 Answer Key and save it for later use.

Candidates can check below the CDS Previous Year Answer Keys.

CDS 2 Answer Key 2024 by Major Kalshi

Subject	CDS Answer Key
CDS 2 Maths Answer Key 2024	Available Soon
CDS 2 GK Answer Key 2024	Available Soon
CDS 2 English Answer Key 2024 (All set)	Click Here

CDS 2 Answer Key 2024 by Cavalier

Subject	CDS Answer Key
CDS 2 Maths Answer Key 2024	Available Soon
CDS 2 GK Answer Key 2024 (Set C)	Download Here
CDS 2 English Answer Key 2024 (Set C)	Download here

CDS Answer Key PDF for 2023 is provided below:

CDS 2 Answer Key 2023 by Major Kalshi

Subject	CDS Answer Key
CDS 2 Maths Answer Key 2023	Available Soon
CDS 2 GK Answer Key 2023	Click Here
CDS 2 English Answer Key 2023	Click Here

CDS 2 Answer Key 2023 by Cavalier

Subject	CDS Answer Key
CDS 2 Maths Answer Key 2023	Available Soon
CDS 2 GK Answer Key 2023	Available Soon
CDS 2 English Answer Key 2023	Click Here

Also Read:

UPSC CDS 2 Result 2025

The CDS 2 result will be released after the successful conduction of the exam. The steps to download the CDS 2 result 2025 are given below:

Go to the official website: upsc.gov.in
Click on the CDS 2 Result Link
The CDS Result PDF link will appear on the screen
Click on the PDF link
The CDS Result 2025 will appear on the screen
Download the result and save it for later use

Direct link to check UPSC CDS 2 Result 2025: To be updated here

CDS Expected Cut Off 2025

The expected cut off for the CDS 1 exam is provided in the table below. The CDS 1 expected cut off is based on the difficulty level, previous trends and more:

Academy	Written Exam	Final Exam
IMA (Indian Military Academy)	120 – 130	245 – 255
INA (Indian Naval Academy)	105 – 120	233 – 245
AFA (Air Force Academy)	145 – 150	268 – 270
OTA (Officers’ Training Academy) men	73 – 85	162 – 170
OTA (Officers’ Training Academy) women	74 – 85	164 – 170

The expected cut off for the CDS 2 exam 2025 is provided below:

Academy	Written Exam	Final Exam
IMA (Indian Military Academy)	120-125	245-255
INA (Indian Naval Academy)	110-125	240-250
AFA (Air Force Academy)	145-150	265-270
OTA (Officers’ Training Academy) men	85-100	160-170
OTA (Officers’ Training Academy) women	90-100	165-170

CDS Mock Test 2025

The candidates who are preparing for the CDS exam must take mock tests while preparing for the exam. Preparing for the CDS exam with the mock test can help the candidates to increase their accuracy and speed in the exam. The candidates should follow the tips given below to practice with mock tests:

Take the CDS mock tests in exam conditions. The exam condition will help the candidates to get habitual of the exam pressure
Analyse the topics in the mock tests that are difficult in nature
Work hard on topics that are difficult in nature
Focus on the repeated topics that are in the mock test
Practice for speed and accuracy with the mock tests

CDS 2025 Recommended Marks

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) will release the recommended marks of the qualified candidates for the CDS 1 2025 exam. Till then candidates can check CDS 2 2023 exam recommended marks. A total of 143 candidates were recommended for the Indian Military Academy (IMA), 39 candidates for the Indian Naval Academy (INA), 15 candidates for the Indian Airforce A (IAF), and 271 candidates (204 male and 67 females) for the Officers' Training Academy (OTA).

Direct Link for the CDS 2 2023 Recommended Marks List PDF: Click Here

How to Download the UPSC CDS 1 2025 Recommended Marks?

The candidates can download the UPSC CDS 1 2025 recommended marks by following the steps given below:

Go to the official website
Click on the CDS 1 2025 recommended marks link
Click on the PDF link
The CDS 1 2025 recommended marks PDF will appear on the screen
Download the CDS 1 2025 marks and save it for later use

Direct Link for the CDS 1 2025 Recommended Marks List PDF: To be updated here

CDS Previous Year Question Papers

The CDS question papers are uploaded in PDF form for all the sets of test booklets of Maths, English, and GK. Candidates can also raise objections against the question papers through Online Question Paper Representation Portal (QPRep). The link for the CDS previous years' question papers has been given below.

CDS 2022 Question Paper

The CDS 1 2022 question paper has been given below for the candidates in the table. The candidates preparing for the CDS upcoming exam can use it for practice:

Subjects	CDS Previous Year Paper
CDS Maths Question Paper	Download Here
CDS English Question Paper	Download Here
CDS GK Question Paper	Download Here

CDS Previous Year Question Paper 2021

CDS question paper 2021 is available for free download below in the table. After solving the CDS previous year's question papers candidates need to check the answers from the solutions PDF. This way they can smoothly track their preparation and start improving the weak section. Download CDS's previous year's paper 2021 through the links available below.

CDS 1 Question Paper 2021

Subjects	CDS 1 Previous Year Paper 2021
CDS 1 Maths Question Paper 2021	Download Here
CDS 1 English Question Paper 2021	Download Here
CDS 1 GK Question Paper 2021	Download Here

CDS 2 Question Paper 2021

Subjects	CDS 1 Previous Year Paper 2021
CDS 2 Maths Previous Year Question Paper 2021	Download Here
CDS 2 English Previous Question Paper 2021	Download Here
CDS 2 GK Previous Question Paper 2021	Download Here