UPCAT 2022 Syllabus: Check Section-wise Exam Syllabus Here

Measurement

Dimensional analysis and error estimation, dimensional compatibility and significant figures.

Motion in one dimension

Average velocity, instantaneous velocity, one-dimensional motion with constant accelerations, freely falling bodies.

Laws of Motion

Force and inertia, Newton's laws of motion, and their significance.

Motion in two dimensions

Projectile motion, uniform circular motion, tangential and radial acceleration in curve-linear motion, relative motion and relative acceleration

Work, Power, and Energy

Work done by constant and variable forces, kinetic and potential energy, power, Conservative and non-conservative forces, conservation of energy, gravitational energy, work-energy theorem, potential energy stored in a spring.

Linear Momentum & collisions

Linear momentum & impulse, conservation of linear momentum for the two-particle system, collisions, collision in one dimension, collision in two dimensions, rocket propulsion

Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis

Angular velocity and angular acceleration, rotational kinematics, rotational motion with constant angular acceleration relationship between angular and linear quantities, rotational energy, moment of inertia for a ring, rod, spherical shell, sphere and plane lamina, torque and angular acceleration, work, and energy in rotational motion, rolling motion of a solid sphere and cylinder

Gravitation

Gravitational field, Kepler's laws and motion of planets, planetary and satellite motion, geostationary satellite

Oscillatory motion

Harmonic motion, oscillatory motion of mass attached to a spring, kinetic & potential energy, Time Period of a simple pendulum, comparing simple and harmonic motion with uniform circular motion, forced oscillations, damped oscillations, and resonance

Mechanics of solids and fluids

States of matter young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity, variations of pressure with depth, Buoyant forces and Archimedes principle, Pascal's law, Bernoulli's theorem, and its application, surface energy, surface tension, angle of contact, capillary rise, coefficient of viscosity, viscous force, terminal velocity, Stoke's law, streamline motion, Reynold's numbers

Heat and thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamics, specific heat of an ideal gas at constant volume and constant pressure, relation between them, thermodynamics process (reversible, irreversible, isothermal, adiabatic), second law of thermodynamics, concept of entropy and concept of absolute scale, efficiency of a Carnot engine, thermal conductivity, Newton's law of cooling, black body radiation, Wien's displacement law, Stefan's law

Wave

Wave motion, phase, amplitude, and velocity of wave, Newton's formula for longitudinal waves, propagation of sound waves in air, effect of temperature and pressure on velocity of sound, Laplace's correction, Principle of superposition, formation of standing waves, standing waves in strings and pipes, beats, Doppler's effect

Electrostatics

Coulomb's law, electric field and potential due to point charge, dipole and its field along the axis and perpendicular to axis, electric flux, Gauss's theorem, and its applications to find the field due to infinite sheet of charge, and inside the hollow conducting sphere, capacitance, parallel plate capacitor 31 with air and dielectric medium between the Plates, series and parallel combination of capacitors, energy of a capacitor, displacement currents

Current Electricity

Concept of free and bound electrons drift velocity and mobility, electric current, Ohm's law, resistivity, conductivity, temperature dependency of resistance, resistance in series and parallel combination, Kirchhoff’s law and their application to a network of resistances, the principle of the potentiometer, the effect of temperature on resistance and its application

Magnetic Effect of Current

Magnetic field due to current, Biot-Savart's law, magnetic field due to solenoid, the motion of charge in a magnetic field, force on current-carrying conductors and torque on a current loop in a magnetic field, magnetic flux, forces between two parallel current-carrying conductors, moving coil galvanometer and its conversion into ammeter and voltmeter

Magnetism in Matter

The magnetization of substance due to orbital and spin motions of electrons, the magnetic moment of atoms, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, earth's magnetic field and its components and their measurement

Electromagnetic induction

Induced e.m.f., Faraday's laws, Lenz's law, electromagnetic induction, self, and mutual induction, B-H curve, hysteresis loss and its importance, eddy currents

Ray Optics and optical instruments

Sources of light, luminous intensity, luminous flux, illuminance, photometry, wave nature of light, Huygen's theory for the propagation of light and rectilinear propagation of light, a reflection of light, total internal reflection, reflection and refraction at spherical surfaces, the focal length of a combination of lenses, spherical and chromatic aberration and their removal, refraction and dispersion of light due to a prism, simple and compound microscope, reflecting and refracting telescope, magnifying power and resolving power

Wave Optics

Coherent and incoherent sources of light, interference, young's double-slit experiment diffraction due to a single slit, linearly polarized light, Polaroid

Modern Physics

Photo-electric equation, matter waves, quantization, Planck's hypothesis, Bohr's model of hydrogen atom and its spectra, ionization potential, Rydberg constant, solar spectrum and Fraunhofer lines, fluorescence and phosphorescence, X-Rays and their productions, characteristic and continuous spectra. Nuclear Instability, radioactive decay laws, Emission of a, b, g-rays, Mass - defect, Mass Energy equivalence, Nuclear Fission Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Fusion. Classification of conductors, Insulators, and semiconductors based on energy bands in solids, PN junction, PN Diode, junction Transistors, Transistor as an amplifier and Oscillator. Principles of Logic Gates ( AND, OR and NOT ) Analog Vs Digital communication, Difference between Radio and television, Signal propagation, Principle of LASER and MASER, Population Inversion, Spontaneous and stimulated Emission.

Atomic Structure

Bohr's concept. Quantum numbers, Electronic configuration, molecular orbital theory for homonuclear molecules, Pauli's exclusion principle

Chemical Bonding

Electrovalency, co-valency, hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals hydrogen bonding

Redox Reactions

Oxidation number, oxidising and reducing agents, balancing of equations

Chemical Equilibrium and Kinetics

The equilibrium constant (for gaseous system only) Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium, Ostwald's dilution law, hydrolysis, pH and buffer solution, solubility product, common ion effect, rate constant and first-order reaction

Acid-Base Concepts

Bronsted Lowry & Lewis. Electrochemistry: Electrode potential and electrochemical series. Catalysis: Types and applications

Colloids

Types and preparation, Brownian movement, Tyndall effect, coagulation, and peptization

Colligative Properties of Solution

Lowering of vapour pressure, Osmotic pressure, depression of freezing point, the elevation of boiling point, determination of molecular weight

Periodic Table

Classification of elements based on electronic configuration, properties of s,p and d block elements, ionization potential, electronegativity & electron affinity

Preparation and Properties of the following

Hydrogen peroxide. copper sulfate, silver nitrate, plaster of Paris, borax, Mohr's salt, alums, white and red lead, microcosmic salt and bleaching powder, sodium thiosulfate.

Thermochemistry

Exothermic & endothermic reactions Heat of reaction, Heat of combustion & formation, neutralization, Hess's law

General Organic Chemistry

Shape of organic compounds, Inductive effect, mesomeric effect, electrophiles & nucleophiles, Reaction intermediates: carbonium ion, carbanions & free radical, Types of organic reactions, Cannizzaro Friedel Craft, Perkin, Aldol condensation

Isomerism

Structural, Geometrical & Optical

IUPAC

Nomenclature of simple organic compounds

Polymers

Addition & condensation polymers

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Preparation and Properties Of the Followings

Hydrocarbons, monohydric alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, monocarboxylic acids, primary amines, benzene, nitrobenzene, aniline, phenol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, Grignard Reagent.

Solid State

Structure of simple ionic compounds, Crystal imperfections (point defects only), Born-Haber cycle

Petroleum

Important industrial fractions, cracking, octane number, anti knocking compounds

Algebra

Sets relations & functions, De-Morgan's Law, Mapping Inverse relations, Equivalence relations, Peano's axioms, Definition of rationals and integers through equivalence relation, Indices and surds, Solutions of simultaneous and quadratic equations, A.P., G.P. and H.P., Special sums i.e. ?n2 and ?n3 (n?N ), Partial fraction, Binomial theorem for any index, exponential series, Logarithm and Logarithmic series. Determinants and their use in solving simultaneous linear equations, Matrices, Algebra of matrices, Inverse of a matrix, Use of matrix for solving equations

Probability

Definition, Dependent and independent events, Numerical problem on addition and multiplication, theorem of probability.

Trigonometry

Identities, Trigonometric equations, properties of triangles, solution of triangles, heights and distances, Inverse function, Complex numbers and their properties, Cube roots of unity, De-Moivre's theorem.

Co-ordinate Geometry

Pair of straight lines, Circles, General equation of second degree, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola, tracing of conics

Calculus

Limits & continuity of functions, Differentiation of function of function, tangents & normal, Simple examples of Maxima & Minima, Indeterminate forms, Integration of function by parts, by substitution and by partial fraction, definite integral, application to volumes and surfaces of frustums of sphere, cone and cylinder. Differential equations of first order and of first degree

Vectors

Algebra of vectors, scalar and vector products of two and three vectors and their applications

Dynamics

Velocity, composition of velocity, relative velocity, acceleration, composition of accelerations, Motion under gravity, Projectiles, Laws of motion, Principles of conservation of momentum and energy, direct impact of smooth bodies

Statics

Composition of coplanar, concurrent and parallel forces moments and couples resultant of set of coplanar forces and condition of equilibrium, determination of centroid in simple cases, Problems involving friction

Origin of Life

Oparin's theory, Miller's Experiment, Viruses - structure, properties, distribution, classification and pathogenesis (Eg. AIDS, CANCER), Viroids & Prions, Biotic balance

Organic Evolution

Relationship among organisms and Evidences of organic Evolution - Principles of Evolution - Lamarckism, Darwinism and Speciation

Mechanism of Organic Evolution

Variations - Definition, causes and types, Mutations (Principles of Hugo de'vries), Role of mutations in speciation. Evolution through ages and human evolution

Human Genetics and Eugenics

Human hereditary traits, the study of Twins, A.B.O. blood groups and their inheritance, Rh-factor, Sex determination. Chromosomal aberrations, Important human syndromes, Sex-linked characters and their inheritance, Applied Genetics - eugenics, euthenics, euphenics & I.Q. Test

Applied Biology

Wild life of India - Endangered species: Biosphere Reserves, National Parks and sanctuaries, Project Tiger, Conservation of wild life, Bio-energy, Poultry, Fisheries (edible fishes), Human 36 Population, Population explosion, problems & control. Test - Tube babies, & Amniocentesis, Application of Biotechnology in human welfare. Human Aging

Mammalian Anatomy (Eg. Rabbit)

Reproductive system (excluding embryonic development) Osteology, structure and organization of different systems.

Animal Physiology

Animal Nutrition: Food, Balanced diet, Nutritional imbalances and deficiency diseases, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation of food, (comparison between human and Rabbit).

(B) Animal Excretion and Osmoregulation: Chemical nature of excretory products in various animals, Physiology of excretion, Function of liver and kidney (Homeostatic regulatory functions of kidneys), Formation of urine, Osmoregulation by kidneys.

(C) Respiratory system: Exchange and transport of gases (O2 and Co2) factors affecting O2 and Co2 transport, Cellular respiration, different lung volumes, breathing and soundproduction.

(D) Nervous systems: Central, autonomic and peripheral nervous system, Receptors, Effectors, Reflexaction. Nature and conduction of Nerve- impulses, Synapse, Sense organs - Structure & working of Eye & Ear, Biochemistry of vision and taste buds.

(E) Endocrine System: Different endocrine glands and Hormones - definition, types, characteristics and their functions, (in relation to human beings), Hormonal disorders and pheromones.

(F) Circulatory System: Circulation of body fluids- Blood and lymph, Open and closed vascular systems, Structure and working physiology of Heart, Comparison between arteries and veins, Lymphatic system.

(G) Animal Diversity: Classification of Animal kingdom (Based on Storar & Eusinger), Characteristic feature of different phyla and classes with examples.

Detailed studies of followings:

(a) Protozoa
(i) Amoeba- Habit & Habitat, structure, locomotion, reproduction, Osmoregulation, Parasitic amoeba - Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba gingivalis, structure, diseases caused by them and their control measures. (ii) Plasmodium vivax-life-cycle, malaria therapy and control. (iii) Protozoan and diseases

(b) Porifera: A simple sponge (Leucosolenia); Detailed study of structure & physiology, Sponge industry.

(c) Coelenterata: Hydra - Habit and Habitat, morphology, tissue differentiation in relation to physiological division of labour and regeneration.

(d) Aschelminthes: Ascaris- morphology, life-cycle, therapy and control.

(e) Annelida: Pheretima posthuma - Bionomics and economic importance.

(f) Arthropoda: (Periplaneta): Structure- external and internal.

Comparison between Periplaneta and Blatta.

(i) Housefly & Mosquito: structure and life – cycle

(ii) Economic importance of insets & their control.

Plant Cell

Structure & functions electron microscopic structured mitochondria, Plastids centrosomes. Lysosomes, microsomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Nucleus, Golgibodes, D.N.A & R.N.A. Cytoplasm, membranes and cell wall

Protoplasm

Structure, components physical and chemical properties. Cell division (formation) - free cell formation, Amitosis & Meiosis, Duplication of D.N.A

Ecology

Ecological factors (atmospheric, edaphic, climatic, geological & biotic factors)

Ecosystem

Structure, components of ecosystem eg. Water soluble minerals and gases, producers consumers, decomposers, Pond and forest ecosystem.

Atmospheric pollution-causes and control, Types of pollution - Detergents, chemicals automobile exhaust, Radioactive matter, Smog, sound, Pesticides

Genetics

Mendalism, Mendals experiment and law of inheritance. Modern Classification of plant kingdom- (according to Ostwald & Tippo) (outline).

Seeds in angiospermic plants

Description of development of angiospermic plants (life history of angiospermic plants).

Fruits

Dispersal of fruits and seeds

Cell differentiation Plant Tissue

Meristematic classification of meristematic & permanent tissue and functions and classification of tissue system

Anatomy of Root, stem and leaf

Difference between dicot and Monocot stem. Secondary growth of stem and root. Anatomy of hydrophytes, Xeophytes & Mesophytes

Important phylums

Algae: Habitat, general characters & uses, description of ulothrix & spirogyra.

Bacteria: structure - types of nutrition, reproduction and economic importance.

Fungi: structure description of Rhizopus and yeast and their economic importance, Fermentation.

Broyophyta: structure and economic importance, description of funaria (Moss)

Pteridophyta: general structures of pteridophytes description of fern (Droypteris)

General study of gymnosperms and life history of cycas.

Classification of angiosperm

Description of families - identification and economic importance

Cruciferae, Malvaceae, Leguminosae, compositeae, cucurbitaceae

Soil

Absorption of water through root hairs osmosis, Translocation and Root pressure

Nitrogen cycle.

Special modes of nutrition in plants (Autotrophic, heterotrophic, Parasites, saprophytes, Symbionts insectivorous and their ecological relation

Photosynthesis

Chloroplast, light, chlorophyll and Carbon dioxide, Mechanism of photosynthesis formation of A.T.P. and their functions and importance of photosynthesis.

Transpiration: factors and importance, Mechanism of opening and closing of stomata.

Respiration: aerobic, anaerobic respiration, mechanism of respiration (Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, E.T.S.)

Growth & movement: definition of growth, Region of growth & their measurements, types of movements in plants, Growth harmone

Agricultural Physics

Unit, measurement, Vernier, screw gauge, Force-analysis, force parallelogram, the momentum of force, equilibrium of forces, velocity and acceleration, speed, laws of motion, gravitational motion, acceleration due to gravity, circular motion, Centrifugal and centripetal forces, pressure, Capillary force and tension, atmospheric surface-barometer, Boyle’s law, friction and simple example of its laws, Working of common 38 pumps, operation, performance, power and energy, heat and temperature, radiation, convection and conduction, heat conductance, specific heat in relation to solids, physical change in the solid due to heat, latent heat, relationship between heat and work, dew point, relative humidity and its determination, formation of clouds, fog frost, snow and halls, weather and its forecasting

Agricultural Chemistry

Matter - solid and liquid, physical and chemical changes, element, mixture, compound, laws of chemical combination, laws of conservation, laws of proportion, laws of gases, explanation of above laws in reference to atomic principle, atomic laws, new & old concepts, definition, simple explanation and interrelationship of the following: Valency, atomic weight, molecular weight, equivalent weight, structure of atom, Avogadro's hypothesis and its uses, ionic theory, difference between atom and ion, explanation of the following with the help of ionic theory, electrolysis, acid, alkali, salt, water, hydrolysis and neutralisations, oxidation and reduction, classification of elements.

Inorganic Chemistry: Water and its hardness, methods of treatment of hard water and soft water, occurrence of compounds, properties and uses of the followings elements nitrogen, ammonia, nitric acid, carbon, carbon dioxide, phosphoric acid, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, chlorine, hydrochloric acid. Occurrence properties, uses and their functions in the plants of the following: Sodium, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium nitrate, potassium sulfate, Calcium, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium nitrate, Iron, sulfate and iron phosphate, aluminum, aluminum sulfate and aluminum phosphate Nitrogen cycle, Fixation of nitrogen in the soil, function of Super-phosphate and phosphorus in plant, nitrogen fertilizers.

Organic Chemistry: Formation of organic compounds, physical properties, nomenclature, general knowledge of the following compounds, simple formulae, general properties and main uses, Structural formula of the following: Hydrocarbon (saturated and unsaturated) alcohol ethyl alcohol and glycol, aldehyde and ketones, formaldehyde, acetone, amine and oxide, methyl and ethylamine, urea, Acids: acetic, benzoic, lactic, Oxalic acids, fats and oils, soap and saponification, carbohydrates, glucose, fructose, starch, simple methods of making benzene and phenol and their properties

Agricultural Engineering

Properties of different materials used in agricultural implements, Classification of plough their merits, comparison, common troubles in their operation and precautions, maintenance, assembly, cost and comparison of cultivation harrow, hoe, float, scraper and seed drill, draft of implements. Their measurements, factors affecting the draft. Water lifts, their discharge, capacities, command area, and cost of irrigation (water lifts should include common water lifts and low lift pumps). Tillage and ploughing, types of ploughing and their merits. Types and objects tillage. Chemical and Physical effects of tillage practices for different crops. Transmission of power through gears. Pulleys and belts, hand-operated chaff cutters, cane crusher, winnowing fan, and splash threshers.

Agricultural Statistics

Collection of data, classification and tabulation, frequency distribution, mean and their kinds, merits and demerits. Measurements of dispersion

Agronomy

Crops: Cultivation, practices of common crops of India and their varieties.

Soils: Origin, classification and physical properties of soils, soil conservation.

Manures And Manuring: Nutrients for plants growth, uptake of N.P.K. organic and inorganic fertilizers, farmyard and green manures, their properties and method of application, knowledge of following manures and fertilizer: FYM, compost, urinated soil, castor and groundnut cake, ammonium sulfate, sodium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, urea, CAN ammonium chloride and mixtures.

Irrigation & Drainage: Methods, measurement and type of irrigation and drainage systems, Cultivation practices of common vegetable and fruit crops

Agricultural Botany

External morphology of plants, function and modification of stem, root and leaves, structure and function of different parts of the flower, type of inflorescence, pollen and pollination, classification, structure, germination and dispersal of seeds, type of function and their dispersal, internal morphology of plant cell, reproductive organs of angiosperms, knowledge of the structure of rlltharis, Absorption, Respiration, Transpiration and carbon assimilation, root pressure, Translocation of foods and storage, Introductory knowledge of Taxonomy and plant kingdom especially Regional and Horticultural plants luminaries, Cruciferous, Leguminous, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Malvaceae, Elementary Knowledge of mosses, ferns, mucors, bacteria