Vipra ShrivastavaSenior Manager - Content
What is parts of speech?- Various information and expressions which come together to make a complete sentence. These can be refered to as parts of speech. This rule forms the basis of complete and correct expression in English language. Let's understand the rule or logic applied to use various elements to form a well structured and meaningful sentence. Read below.
What are Parts of Speech?
A part of speech indicates how a word is used in a sentence. In other words, part of speech explains the functionality and role of the word in the sentence. The English language classifies words into eight parts of speech. Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction and Interjection are the commonly listed parts of speech.
To understand better, a word can function as more than one part of speech when used in different circumstances. That is, the same word can be used as noun in one sentence and as an adjective in the other.
Parts of Speech: Detailed Overview
Let’s understand parts of speech in detail below.
Noun
In the simplest form, a noun is the name of a person, animal, thing, place, idea or quality. Nouns are broadly categorized into seven categories, i.e. Common Nouns, Proper Nouns, Concrete Nouns, Abstract Nouns, Countable Nouns, Non-countable Nouns and Collective Nouns.
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a noun is, “any member of a class of words that typically can be combined with determiners to serve as the subject of a verb, can be interpreted as singular or plural, can be replaced with a pronoun, and refer to an entity, quality, state, action, or concept”.
For example:
- Jena is my sister.
- Sarah lives in Sydney.
- The cat hissed.
- He tripped over a box in the hallway.
- New York is a busy city.
Pronouns
Pronouns are words that can act or function in the place of nouns. In other words, a pronoun can be used in the place of a noun or noun phrase. The antecedent of the pronoun is a noun or a noun phrase that a pronoun replaces. Pronouns are broadly categorized into eight categories, i.e. Personal Pronouns, Relative Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, Reflexive Pronouns, Intensive Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns, Interrogative Pronouns and Indefinite Pronouns.
For example:
- Shreya is a wonderful piano player. She played the piano really well at the party.
- The museum, which is on Fifth Avenue, is being renovated.
- Whose file is this?
- Everybody is welcome to the opening of the cafe.
- Juan is Spanish. He is very handsome.
Also Read: Pronouns with exercises
Verb
A verb is a part of speech that denotes action, occurrence or state of being. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a verb is, ‘a word that characteristically is the grammatical center of a predicate and expresses an act, occurrence, or mode of being, that in various languages is inflected for agreement with the subject, for tense, for voice, for mood, or for aspect...’ There are three types of verbs; Action Verbs, Linking Verbs and Helping Verbs.
For example:
- Laura raises her hand.
- Sam gave Tyler the book.
- The rocket was launched from the launch pad today.
- Vampires bite the victims on the neck.
- The baby cried all night.
Adjective
The words which describe a noun or pronoun are called adjectives. They make the meaning of the other word more precise. In other words, an adjective modifies a noun or pronoun by describing or identifying it.
Merriam-Webster dictionary defines an adjective as, ‘a word belonging to one of the major form classes in any of numerous languages and typically serving as a modifier of a noun to denote a quality of the thing named, to indicate its quantity or extent, or to specify a thing as distinct from something else.’
There are seven types of adjectives in the English language: Descriptive Adjective, Quantitative Adjective, Demonstrative Adjective, Possessive Adjective, Interrogative Adjective, Distributive Adjective and Articles.
For example:
- That is a red flower.
- She is a tall girl.
- Maria has only one daughter.
- That’s my book.
- The handsome man was wearing a blue shirt.
Also Read:
Adverb
A part of speech that describes the verb or adjective in the sentence is known as an adverb. One can say, an adverb modifies or describes a verb or adjective or another adverb. Adverbs generally end with –ly.
Adverbs of Degree, Adverbs of Frequency, Adverbs of Manner, Adverbs of Place, Adverbs of Time and Add Adverb are the major categories of adverbs.
For example:
- She is so excited to visit London.
- Do you normally walk your dog at this time?
- I usually shop at the Korean market in the city.
- I was hungry, so my mother made dinner quickly.
- Stefan recently enrolled in a Spanish course.
Preposition
Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or a pronoun in a sentence or phrase with another word in the sentence or phrase. A preposition is always followed by a noun or pronoun and is never followed by a verb. There are five types of prepositions; Simple Prepositions, Double Prepositions, Compound Prepositions, Participle Prepositions and Phrase Prepositions.
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, a preposition is ‘a function word that typically combines with a noun phrase to form a phrase which usually expresses a modification or predication’.
For example:
- She sat on the chair.
- The dog was hiding under the table.
- He never leaves without his phone.
- We were in the middle of the meeting when I received a call.
- The teacher was asking questions regarding her behaviour.
Also Read: Prepositions with exercises
Conjunction
Conjunctions are the words that join two or more words, phrases or clauses. They indicate or describe the relationship between the joined sentences or words.
Merriam-Webster dictionary defines conjunction as, ‘an uninflected linguistic form that joins together sentences, clauses, phrases, or words.’
For example:
- He had a pizza and pasta.
- I love dark chocolate but not white chocolate.
- Martin plays hockey and cricket.
- Abhay is an excellent guitar player; however, he rarely practices.
- Elena loves the dress; after all, red is her favourite colour.
Interjection
Words that are used to express emotion are called interjections. In other words, an interjection is an emotional greeting or exclamation. They express strong feelings and emotions. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines interjection as, ‘a word or phrase that is grammatically independent from the words around it, and mainly expresses feeling rather than meaning.’
For example:
- Oh no, I forgot to bring my lunch today.
- Wow! The painting is beautiful.
- Alas! They lost the match.
- Oh! That is unfortunate.
- Ouch! That pains.
Also Read:
Explore exams which ask questions on VARC Prep Tips for MBA
Select your preferred stream
Parts of Speech Exercise with Answers
Identify the underlined type of speech in the following sentences.
Q1. She did well in the test.
A. (a) Adjective (b) Verb (c) Adverb (d) Conjunction
Q2. I bought a beautiful dress.
A. (a) Adjective (b) Verb (c) Adverb (d) Conjunction
Q3. The group sang a wonderful song.
A. (a) Adjective (b) Verb (c) Adverb (d) Noun
Q4. I do not work on Saturdays.
A. (a) Adjective (b) Verb (c) Adverb (d) Noun
Q5. What did he ask you to do?
A. (a) Adjective (b) Verb (c) Pronoun (d) Noun
Q6. The lilacs and lavenders are purple.
A. (a) Adjective (b) Verb (c) Adverb (d) Conjunction
Q7. Well, I don’t think I’ll be home before eight o’clock.
A. (a) Interjection (b) Verb (c) Adverb (d) Conjunction
Q8. If Martha finishes his work quickly he can come to movie with us.
A. (a) Interjection (b) Verb (c) Adverb (d) Conjunction
Q9. Has your brother ever been to London?
A. (a) Adjective (b) Verb (c) Adverb (d) Noun
Q10. The cat is under the table.
A. (a) Adjective (b) Preposition (c) Adverb (d) Noun
Q11. She went to the market to get some vegetables.
A. (a) Verb (b) Adjective (c) Adverb (d) Noun
Q12. I must go now.
A. (a) Adjective (b) Adverb (c) Noun (d) Conjunction
Q13. Did she bring enough racquets?
A. (a) Conjunction (b) Preposition (c) Adjective (d) Interjection
Q14. The thief didn't run fast and was caught by the police.
A. (a) Noun (b) Adjective (c) Adverb (d) Verb
Q15. Although he is poor, he is happy.
A. (a) Noun (b) Conjunction (c) Interjection (d) Adjective
Q16. You have to have faith in yourself if you want to succeed at something.
A. (a) Pronoun (b) Noun (c) Adjective (d) Adverb
Q17. She kept the fast that day.
A. (a) Pronoun (b) Adjective (c) Verb (d) Noun
Q18. Sarah is on the committee.
A. (a) Conjunction (b) Adverb (c) Adjective (d) Preposition
Q19. She still lives in that house.
A. (a) Adjective (b) Adverb (c) Verb (d) Preposition
Q20. He said, Oh! what a cold weather.
A. (a) Conjunction (b) Interjection (c) Verb (d) Adjective
Q21. We first went to the shop to buy something.
A. (a) Adjective (b) Conjunction (c) Preposition (d) Interjection
Q22. We got back home late at night but we didn't sleep early.
A. (a) Conjunction (b) Preposition (c) Noun (d) Adverb
Q23. We didn't spend the holidays there.
A. (a) Verb (b) Pronoun (c) Noun (d) Adverb
Q24. I will cook while you sleep.
A. (a) Interjection (b) Verb (c) Conjunction (d) Adjective
Q25. I helped her carry it.
A. (a) Noun (b) Pronoun (c) Verb (c) Adjective
Q26.He went to the theatre last night.
A: (a) Verb (b) Adverb (c) Preposition (d) Adjective
Q27.She lives in a very beautiful house.
A:(a) Verb (b) Adverb (c) Preposition (d) Adjective
Q28. I want to sleep now.
A:(a) Verb (b) Adverb (c) Conjuction (d) Adjective
Q29. She still works in the same office.
A: (a) Adjective (b) Adverb (c) Verb (d) Preposition
Q30. He said, ‘Oh! I dropped my phone.’
A: (a) Conjunction (b) Interjection (c) Verb (d) Adjective
Q31. We first went to the restaurant to have lunch.
A: (a) Adjective (b) Conjunction (c) Preposition (d) Interjection
Q32. Whose hair clip is this? I found it in the porch.
A: (a) Noun (b) Pronoun (c) Verb (c) Adjective
Q33.He went to bed early last night.
A: (a) Verb (b) Adverb (c) Preposition (d) Adjective
Q34.She invited us for a very lavish meal.
A:(a) Verb (b) Adverb (c) Preposition (d) Adjective
Q35. I have been working since morning. I want to rest now.
A:(a) Verb (b) Adverb (c) Conjunction (d) Adjective
Answers:
Q1.(c) Q2.(a) Q3.(d) Q4.(b) Q5.(c) Q6.(d) Q7.(a) Q8.(c) Q9.(d) Q10.(b) Q11.(a) Q12.(b) Q13.(c) Q14.(c) Q15.(b) Q16.(a) Q17.(d) Q18.(d) Q19.(b) Q20.(b) Q21.(c) Q22.(a) Q23.(d) Q24.(c) Q25.(b) Q26.(a) Q27.(d) Q28.(b) Q29.(b) Q30.(b) Q31.(c) Q32. (b) Q33. (a) Q34.(d) Q35.(b)
Also Read: MBA Preparation 2024: Tips to Prepare for MBA Entrance Exams
Download Free VARC Question Bank for Practice |
Read More:
Prepare for Study Abroad Exams:
VARC Practice Questions with Answers PDF
Get here free PDFs of VARC practice questions with answers:
CAT Easy Test Set 1 | CAT Easy Test Set 1 Solutions |
CAT Medium Test Set 1 | CAT Medium Test Set 1 Solutions |
CAT Difficult Test Set 1 | CAT Difficult Test Set 1 Solutions |
CAT Easy Test Set 2 | CAT Easy Test Set 2 Solutions |
CAT Medium Test Set 2 | CAT Medium Test Set 2 Solutions |
CAT Difficult Test Set 2 | CAT Difficult Test Set 2 Solutions |
CAT Easy Test Set 3 | CAT Easy Test Set 3 Solutions |
CAT Medium Test Set 3 | CAT Medium Test Set 3 Solutions |
CAT Difficult Test Set 3 | CAT Difficult Test Set 3 Solutions |
CAT Easy Test Set 4 | CAT Easy Test Set 4 Solutions |
CAT Medium Test Set 4 | CAT Medium Test Set 4 Solutions |
CAT Difficult Test Set 4 | CAT Difficult Test Set 4 Solutions |
CAT Easy Test Set 5 | CAT Easy Test Set 5 Solutions |
CAT Medium Test Set 5 | CAT Medium Test Set 5 Solutions |
CAT Difficult Test Set 5 | CAT Difficult Test Set 5 Solutions |
CAT Easy Test Set 6 | CAT Easy Test Set 6 Solutions |
CAT Medium Test Set 6 | CAT Medium Test Set 6 Solutions |
CAT Difficult Test Set 6 | CAT Difficult Test Set 6 Solutions |
News & Updates
VARC Prep Tips for MBA Exam