Current Affairs 2021: Highlights of World Economic Outlook Report October 2021

Current Affairs 2021: Highlights of World Economic Outlook Report October 2021

5 mins read282 Views Comment
Updated on Nov 30, 2021 18:31 IST

By Dinesh U

International Monetary Fund released the World Economic Outlook report in October 2021. Read here the highlights and some important facts of IMF’s World Economic Outlook 2021.

World_Economic_Outlook_2021_report_highlights

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) releases the world economic outlook report bi-annually (usually published in the months of April and October with updates in January/June). The IMF published the recent edition of the World Economic Outlook in October 2021. The earlier report was released in April this year. The International Monetary Fund’s Outlook 2021 has projected the global economy to grow 5.9 per cent (0.1 percentage lower than IMF’s July estimates) in 2021 and 4.9 per cent in 2022. Concern about the emergence of aggressive SARS-COV2 (Corona variant) before widespread vaccination is reached.

The world economic outlook is a report by the International Monetary Fund that analyzes key parts of the IMF’s surveillance of economic development and policies in its member countries. The report presents the IMF’s analysis and projections of global economic developments and classifies their analysis by region and stage of economic development.IMF start the report preparation in January/June and present the report during April/ October /September each year through World Economic Outlook (WEO) publication. The IMF World Economic report work as a guide on how economies are likely to shape up in the near and medium terms. Member countries contribute funds to a pool through a quota system from which countries experiencing balance of payments problems can borrow money.

Key Highlights of World Economic Outlook - October 2021

Some of the key highlights of the IMF report are as follows.

  • The global recovery continues but the momentum has weakened and uncertainty has increased
  • Vaccine access and early policy support are the principal drivers of the gaps
  • The October edition of the report is influenced by supply chain issues in advanced economies and worsening health situations in emerging countries.
  • The projections for 2021 and 2022 are stronger than in the October 2020 World Economic Outlook.
  • Emphasis should be on escaping the health crisis by prioritising  health infrastructure, vaccination and treatments
  • Monetary policy should be concerned more towards stability 
  • Priority should be given to green infrastructure investment to mitigate climate change  and  digital infrastructure investment to create more productivity and equality
  • The report has highlighted two key reasons for economic divergences: the first is the large disparity in vaccine access and the second is the disparity in policy support.
  • Inflation is projected to peak in the final months of 2021 but is expected to return to pre-pandemic level by mid-2022 for most economies
  • 96 per cent of the population in low–income countries remains unvaccinated
  • IMF estimates at least 40% vaccination of the population by the end of 2021  and 70% by the mid of 2022
  • IMF recent report has cut down the growth projection for the United States( growth rate of 6%) and China (projected growth rate of 8%)
  • Downgrade for advanced economies is mainly due to supply disruption
  • The outlook for low-income developing countries has darkened due to pandemic dynamics and limited health infrastructure 
  • International Monetary Fund report indicates an improved growth forecast of the Latin American and Caribbean economy
  • IMF reports indicate the worse performance of Brazil and Mexico.
  • Beyond 2022 global growth is projected to moderate to about 3.3 per cent over the medium term.
  • CPI inflation is expected to accelerate. In 2021-22, the IMF anticipates annual CPI growth of over 4% in more than 70 countries (compared to 54 countries in 2020)
  • IMF highlights the disparities in vaccines distribution 
  • Earlier this year, IMF approved  $ 650 billion worth of emergency currency reserves for distribution among the member nations for crisis management 
  • IMF through its latest report urged vaccine manufacturers to support the expansion of vaccine production in developing countries.
  • Clear communication, combined with appropriate monetary and fiscal policies, can help prevent “inflation scares” from unhinging inflation expectations.

IMF's projections about India

  • The October edition of IMF World Economic Outlook has raised its 2021 growth forecast for India to 12.5 per cent from 11.5 per cent estimated earlier in January 2021.
  • Indian economy is projected to grow by 8.5 per cent in 2022 (Earlier, it was projected 6.9 Percent in April 2021 report)
  • The growth rate for India in 2021 is stronger than that of China
  • India Job recovery is going to take a while.

Get Latest Current Affairs here

Click Here

IMF WEO 2021 - Projections 

The WEO 2021 report made some projections regarding the future figures of the World's major economies.

World economic outlook projections table

Countries

Estimates 2020

Projections 2021

Projections 2022

United States

-3.4

6.0

5.2

Japan 

-4.6

2.4

3.2

Germany

-4.6

3.1

4.6

United Kingdom

-9.8

6.8

5.0

France

-8.0

6.3

3.9

India   

-7.3

9.5

8.5

China

2.3

8.0

5.6

Russia

-3.0

4.7

2.9

Saudi Arabia

-4.1

2.8

4.8

Brazil

-4.1

5.2

1.5

Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2021

The report also rolled out the regional growth projections in the following way.

Region

2020

2021

2022

World 

-3.1

5.9

4.9

United States

-3.4

6.0

4.5

Europe area

-6.3

5.0

4.3

Middle East and Central Asia

-2.8

4.1

4.1

Emerging and Developing Asia 

-0.8

7.2

6.3

Latin America and Caribbean

-7.0

6.3

3.0

Low –income developing countries

0.1

3.0

5.3

Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook, October 2021

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

IMF was formed in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference. Its headquarter is in Washington DC, U.S.A. IMF is a specialized agency of the United Nations and focuses on fostering global monetary, fostering financial stability, facilitating and promoting international trade, employment, and economic growth around the world. Some of the other key facts about IMF are as follows.

  • IMF consists of 190 member countries(including Kosovo)
  • Current IMF chief- Kristalina Georgieva (2019  to present)
  • IMF Chief Economist: Gita Gopinath
  • Largest borrowers: Argentina, Egypt, Ukraine, Pakistan
  • India’s quota in the IMF is SDR 13,114.4 million which mean shareholding of 2.76% and thus making it the eighth-largest quota holding country
  • India’s union finance minister is the Ex-Officio governor on the IMF’s Board of Governors.
  • IMF lending amount- 1 trillion USD
  • 0% interest rates on loans to low-income countries  
  • Another popular report by the International Monetary fund is – Global Financial Stability Report which assesses the stability of global financial markets and emerging–market financing.

About the Author:

Dinesh_U

   Dinesh is a lawyer and business law writer; loves to read History and do gardening. He has over one year of experience in content writing.

 

 

About the Author

This account contains a repository of informative articles by external authors with domain expertise in various aspects of guiding students on how to go about pursuing their undergraduate and postgraduate studies in... Read Full Bio