JKBOSE 12th Class Syllabus for Science

Group I

General English (Compulsory)

`

Physics (Compulsory)

Group III

Chemistry (Compulsory)

Group IV

Mathematics, Applied Mathematics

Group V

Biology, Statistics, Geography

Group VI

Geography, Biotechnology, Microbiology, Biochemistry

Group VII

Computer Science, Information Practices, Environmental Science, Functional English, Physical Education, Islamic Studies, Vedic Studies, Buddhist Studies, Electronics

Group VIII

(Vocational Courses)

IT and ITes, Retail, Healthcare, Tourism, Security, Agriculture, Telecommunication, Media and Entertainment, Beauty and Wellness, Physical Education and Sports

Physics

70

10

20

100

Chemistry

70

10

20

100

Biology

70

10

20

100

Biotechnology

70

10

20

100

Microbiology

70

10

20

100

Biochemistry

70

10

20

100

Geography

70

10

20

100

Geology

70

10

20

100

Mathematics

100

x

x

100

Statistics

70

10

20

100

Environmental Science

70

10

20 (Ext./ P.W.)

100

Informatics Practices

70

10

20

100

Computer Science

70

10

20

100

Food Technology

70

10

20

100

Unit 1 – Electrostatics

Electric charges, electric field, electric flux, electric potential conductor and insulators

08

Unit 2 - Current Electricity

Electric current, Ohm's law,  internal resistance, and all relevant concepts

07

Unit 3- Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 

Magnetic field, force, torque, and all related concepts, current loop

08

Unit 4- Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's laws, e.m.f and current, inductance, alternating currents, lCR circuits, AC generator, and transformer

08

Unit 5- Electromagnetic Waves

Need for displacement, current, electromagnetic waves, transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum 

03

Unit 6- Optics

Ray optics, scattering of the light blue colour of the sky, optical instruments, wave optics, diffraction, radiation

14

Unit 7 - Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observation, Matter waves

04

Unit 8 - Atoms and Nuclei

Alpha particle scattering experiment, hydrogen spectrum, Rutherford Model of the atom, x-rays characteristics, atomic masses, radioactive decay

06

Unit 9 - Electronic Devices  

Energy bands in solids, conductors, insulators and semiconductors  

07

Unit 10-Communication System  

Elements of communication system, the bandwidth of transmission mediums, need for modulation

05

UNIT I:

Recombinant DNA Technology

Introduction,

• Tools of DNA Technology,

• Vectors-plasmid, cosmid, phage, BAC and YAC, animal and plant viral vectors,

• Enzymes used in cloning-Restriction enzymes, DNA ligase and Alkaline phosphatase,

• Host cells, Marking recombinant DNA, Introduction of recombinant DNA into host cells,

• Identification of recombinants, DNA library (Elementary Idea)

• DNA isolation from bacteria, Plants and blood, Plasmid DNA isolation, Polymerase chain reaction,

• DNA probes DNA hybridization techniques-Southern and Northern blotting, DNA sequencing-chain termination method, Site-directed mutagenesis. (Brief Idea)

15

UNIT II

Protein Structure and Engineering

• Introduction to the world of protein,

• 3-D shape of proteins,

• Structure-function relationship in proteins-Chymotrypsin and Haemoglobin,

• Purification of proteins- salting out, chromatography, Dialysis, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting,

• Characterization of proteins- Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Peptide mapping, Protein sequencing, Mass spectrometry,

• Protein based products- blood products and vaccines, enzymes, antibodies, hormones and growth factors, industrial enzymes, non-catalytic proteins, nutraceutical proteins,

• Designing proteins- Improving laundry detergent Subtilisin, Creation of novel proteins, Improving the nutritional value of cereals and legumes, Proteomics- basic idea

15

UNIT III

Genomics and Bioinformatics

·         Introduction, Genomics, Structural genomics and Functional genomics, Genome sequencing projects- Directed sequencing of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) contigs, Random shotgun sequencing, Genome Similarity, SNPs and Comparative Genomics.

·         Introduction to Bioinformatics, Information sources- Major databases (NCBI, Entrez and EMBL), BLAST family of search tools, Analysis using Bioinformatics tools

10

Cell Culture Technology

UNIT IV

Microbial Cell Culture and Applications

·         Introduction, Microbial culture techniques- Nutrient for microbial culture, Culture Procedures, Equipment for microbial culture, Types of microbial culture- Batch culture, Fed-batch culture and Continuous culture, Measurement and kinetics of microbial growth, Microbial growth measurement: quantifying cell concentration.

·         Scale-up of microbial processes, Isolation of microbial products, Strain isolation, improvement, metagenomics and preservation, Culture Collections Centers, Applications of microbial culture technology, Biosafety issues in Microbial Technology

10

UNIT V

Plant Cell Culture and Applications

Introduction, Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques- Nutritional media, Types of cultures, Plant regeneration pathways, Applications of Cell and Tissue culture- Micropropagation, Virus-free plants, Artificial seeds, Embryo rescue, Haploids and Triploids, Somatic hybrids and cybrids, Production of Secondary metabolites, Somaclonal variation, In vitro plant germplasm conservation, Gene transfer methods in plants- vector and non-vector mediated, Transgene analysis brief idea),

Transgenic plants with beneficial traits- Stress tolerance (biotic and abiotic), Delayed fruit ripening, Male sterility, Transgenic plants as bioreactors (Molecular farming), Metabolic engineering and secondary products, Biosafety issues in Plant Genetic Engineering.

10

UNIT VI

Animal Cell Culture and Applications

Introduction, Animal Cell Culture Techniques- Features of animal cell growth in culture, Primary Cell Cultures, Secondary Cell Cultures and cell lines, Types of cell lines, Finite Cell Lines, Continuous Cell Lines, Physical environment for culturing Animal Cells- Temperature, pH, Osmolality, Medium, Serum and Antibiotics, Vessels and Equipments, Characterization of Cell Lines, Storage and Revival of cells.

Methods of Gene Delivery into cells, Scale-up of Animal Culture Process, Applications of Animal Cell culture, Hybridoma Technology, Stem Cell Technology, Tissue engineering a brief idea.

10

Internal Assessment

10

Project work

06

Viva

04

External Assessment

20

One Experiment

12

Practical Record

04

Viva

02

Attendance

02

UNIT I

Relations and Functions

1. Relations and Functions: Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and onto functions, composite functions, inverse of a function. Binary operations.

2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Definition, range, domain, principal value branches. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions. Elementary properties of inverse trigonometric functions.

10

UNIT II

Algebra

1. Matrices

Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices. Addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication of matrices, simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non – commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non - zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Concept of elementary row and column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries)

2. Determinants

The determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), properties of determinants, minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle, Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of a system of linear equations by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using the inverse of a matrix. Cramer’s rule and its applications.

13

UNIT III

Calculus

1. Continuity and Differentiability. Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions, a derivate of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic functions to the base, e. Logarithmic functions as inverse of exponential functions. Derivative of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms. Second-order derivatives. Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorems (without proof) and their geometric interpretations and simple applications.

2. Applications of Derivatives. Applications of derivatives: rate of change, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents & normals, approximation, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject as well as real-life situations).

3. Integrals. Integration as the inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts, only simple integrals of the type to be evaluated.

Definite integrals as a limit of a sum, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof), Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of definite integrals.

4. Applications of the Integrals. Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, area of circles/parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only), area under the curve y = sin x, y = cos x, area between the two above said curves (the region should be identifiable).

5. Differential Equations. Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given. Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables, homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of the type :

44

UNIT IV

Vectors and Three – Dimensional Geometry

1. Vectors. Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines/ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection of a vector on a line. Vector (cross) product of vectors. Scalar triple product.

2. Three–dimensional Geometry. Direction cosines/ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector equation of a line, coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of a plane. Angle between (i) two lines (ii) two planes (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point from a plane.

17

UNIT V

Linear Programming

1. Linear Programming.

 Introduction, definition of related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P) problems, the mathematical formulation of L.P. problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints).

6

UNIT VI

Probability

1. Probability.

Multiplication theorem on probability. Conditional probability, independent events, total probability. Baye’s Theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of a random variable. Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution.

10