Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Solutions: Chapter-Wise Overview, Questions, Preparation

Chemistry is the branch of science that studies matter. A matter is anything and everything that you can see, feel, touch or experience for example a book, table, air, rock, tree etc. Chemistry studies the composition of these matters, what are they made up of, the change that happen when they are heated up or cooled.

Chemistry is subdivided into three main parts

• Physical Chemistry
• Inorganic Chemistry
• Organic Chemistry

Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems. In physical chemistry, we study rates of chemical reactions, the energy transfers that occur in reactions, or the physical structure of materials at the molecular level.

Inorganic chemistry is the study of chemicals that do not, in general, contain carbon. Inorganic chemicals are commonly found in rocks and minerals. One current important area of inorganic chemistry deals with the design and properties of materials involved in energy and information technology.

Organic chemistry is the study of chemicals containing carbon with hydrogen. Carbon is one of the most abundant elements on Earth and is capable of forming a tremendously vast number of chemicals. Most of the chemicals found in all living organisms are based on carbon.

Candidates can check below the list of all chapters included in NCERT class 12 chemistry textbook.

Sl. No	Name of Chapter
1	Chapter 1 The Solid State
2	Chapter 2 Solutions
3	Chapter 3 Electrochemistry
4	Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics
5	Chapter 5 Surface Chemistry
6	Chapter 6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
7	Chapter 7 The p-Block Elements
8	Chapter 8 The d & f Block Elements
9	Chapter 9 Coordination Compounds
10	Chapter 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
11	Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
12	Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
13	Chapter 13 Amines
14	Chapter 14 Biomolecules
15	Chapter 15 Polymers
16	Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life

The Solid State: This chapter explains the general characteristics of solid state, crystal lattice, classification of solids, imperfections in solids and unit cell. Matter are of three states – solid, liquid and gas. Solids are again divided into – Crystalline and Amorphous. Crystalline has a definite shape whereas amorphous has no form. The NCERT Solutions is a perfect guide to acquiring a firm grip on these concepts.

Solutions: A solution is a mixture of two or more components. This chapter helps students to understand the concentration of solutions, types of solutions, the vapour pressure of liquid solutions, solubility of gases and solids in liquid, ideal and non-ideal solutions and Raoult’s Law. Various problems based on finding the molarity, mole fraction, mass percentage and Henry’s Law constant are also present here. These problems are not only important for the Class 12 exams but also are of higher importance in competitive exams like JEE Mains, JEE Advanced etc.

Electrochemistry: Electrochemistry is defined as the branch of Chemistry which deals with the relationship between electrical and chemical energy produced in a redox reaction and their conversion. The concepts which are covered in this chapter are – electrochemical cells, Galvanic cells, the Nernst equation, conductance of electrolytic solutions, electrolytic cells and electrolysis, batteries, fuel cells and corrosion. Students who are not able to solve the numerical problems can also refer to the NCERT Solutions and answer them effortlessly.

Chemical Kinetics: This chapter will provide you with a good understanding of the rate of chemical reaction, the Arrhenius equation, dependence on the rate of reaction and the collision theory of chemical reaction. Chemical Kinetics is a branch of Chemistry which deals with the rate of chemical reaction, the factors affecting it and the mechanism of the reaction. We have 3 types in accordance with the rate of reaction – Instantaneous reactions, Slow reactions and Moderately Slow reactions.

Surface Chemistry: Surface chemistry deals with important features like catalysis, adsorption and colloids which comprise gel and emulsion. After going through this chapter, students will understand the interfacial phenomenon and its significance, adsorption and its classification, the mechanism of adsorption and the factors controlling adsorption. Further solving the textbook questions along with the previous year's question papers will boost the exam preparation of CBSE students.

General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements: In this chapter, students will study the scientific and technological process which is followed to isolate the metal from its ores. Apart from explaining the processes and reactions of metal extraction, students will also learn about the fundamental principles and developments which would occur in this field. Aluminium is the most abundant metal which is found on the earth’s crust which is 8.3% by weight. So cleaning the ore, i.e., removal of particles like clay, sand etc., is known as concentration or dressing of the ore.

The p-Block Elements: The history of the p-block elements has a history which takes us back to the 19th century. Group 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 elements are known as p-block elements. They exist in three physical states – metal, non-metal and metalloids. For a better clarification of these concepts, students can refer to the NCERT Solutions available here. The clear explanation of each and every concept will help students attain good marks in the final exam.

The d- and f-Block Elements: The elements which are lying between the s and p-block elements are called as d-block or transition elements. The inner transition series are called as f-block elements. This chapter introduces concepts such as the general properties of transition elements, variation in ionic and atomic size of transition metals, physical properties, ionization enthalpies, magnetic properties and oxidation states. Students will get a clear idea about the electronic configuration, general characteristics and properties of important compounds in this chapter.

Coordination Compounds: Coordination compounds is a challenging area in the modern inorganic chemistry. In this chapter, students will be able to learn about Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds, definitions of important terms, nomenclature, isomerism, bonding, stability, importance and applications of coordination compounds. They will also study about the bonding in meta carbonyls which is important for the exams. These concepts are important for CBSE exams and competitive exams so more importance should be given when it comes to scoring marks.

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes: The halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons are called haloalkanes. They are classified based on the number of hydrogen atoms present in them. The aromatic compounds in which the halogens are attached directly to the carbon atom of the aromatic ring are called haloarenes. In this chapter, students will also get an idea about the methods of preparation, chemical and physical properties and the organohalogen compounds uses. The reactions involved in the preparation of haloarenes and haloalkanes are explained clearly in this chapter to help students perform well in the exams.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers: The classification of alcohols and phenols are based on the number of -OH groups present. Compounds which have one -OH group are called monohydride alcohols and phenols. The compounds which have two, three or more -OH groups are called dihydric, trihydric or polyhydric alcohols and phenols. Students will study about the reactions involved in the process of making alcohols from phenols, alcohols types and ethers. It will also help students to learn about the physical properties of alcohols, phenols and ethers.

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids: In organic chemistry, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are of utmost importance. Aldehydes and Ketones can be obtained by the hydration of alkynes, ozonolysis of alkenes and by the oxidation of alcohols. Carboxylic acids can be obtained by the oxidation of aldehydes or primary alcohols. This chapter is very important and carries more marks in the board exam. For this purpose, students have to learn all the concepts and revise them on a regular basis for a good score.

Amines: The derivatives of ammonia are amines which are obtained by the replacement of hydrogen. From this chapter, students will be able to understand the nomenclature, structure and properties of amines. Amines are an important organic compound which contains nitrogen. Numerous examples on determining the basicity of amines, reaction and synthesis of amines are explained briefly in this chapter.

Biomolecules: The organic compounds which are present as essential constituents in different cells of the living organism are called biomolecules. These include proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, enzymes and nucleic acids. The interaction of biomolecules constitutes the molecular logic of life processes. Simple molecules such as mineral salts and vitamins play an important role in the function of organisms. The structure and functions of the biomolecules are covered in this chapter as per the latest CBSE guidelines.

Polymers: This chapter includes the concepts like – monomer, polymer and polymerisation. Its classification is based on the source, structure and polymerisation. The types of polymerisation are – addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation. The important concepts of this chapter are explained clearly in the NCERT textbook. Students who aspire to score good marks in the exams are recommended to learn this chapter thoroughly and have a clear idea of these concepts.

Chemistry in Everyday Life: The sphere of human life is influenced by Chemistry. The principles of Chemistry have benefitted humans in a lot of ways. The concepts which are discussed under this chapter are – drugs and their classification, drug target interaction, therapeutic action of different classes of drugs, chemicals in food and cleansing agents. Chemistry is a tough subject and it requires lots of practice to remember the chemical reactions and formula. So making use of NCERT Solutions will provide you with a strong grip on the important topics.

NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Weightage - Theory

Below is the unit-wise distribution of marks for the NCERT Class 12 Chemistry exam.  

Unit	Marks
Solutions	7
Electrochemistry	9
Chemical Kinetics	7
d -and f -Block Elements	7
Coordination Compounds	7
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes	6
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers	6
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids	8
Amines	6
Biomolecules	7
Total	70

NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Practicals

The NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Practicals Weightage is provided below.

Evaluation Scheme for Examination	Marks
Volumetric Analysis	8
Salt Analysis	8
Content-Based Experiment	6
Project Work	4
Class Record and Viva	4
Total	30

 

Q 1 What are important chapters of Chemistry class 12?

Q2 Is NCERT enough for scoring good marks in exam?

Q 3 Is Class 12 Chemistry hard?

Q 4 What are the chapters of chemistry in class 12?

Q 5 Which is the most difficult chapter in Class 12 chemistry?

Q 6 What topics from chapter Electrochemistry are most important for JEE?

Q 7 Which are important chapters from Chemistry class 12 for JEE Main exam?

Q 8 Is Organic Chemistry from class 12 hard?

Q 9 Which is tough- class 11 or 12 chemistry?

Q 10 Where can I download solutions of NCERT Chemistry class 12?

Q 11 How many parts of chemistry are there in 12?