Save the Children & CBGA report reveals ‘Cost of Universalising Early Childhood Education in India'

The report was launched in the presence of Vrinda Sarup, former Secretary, Ministry of Education, Government of India and the keynote address was given by Professor R Kavita Rao, Director, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.

Cost of Universalising Early Childhood Education in India, a study commissioned by Save the Children India – Bal Raksha Bharat, and carried out by Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability (CBGA) was launched today, analyzing the budget to calculate the fund flow and spending on early childhood education in India. This study is the first-ever attempt to estimate the cost of universalization of ECE services in India for children in the 3 to 6 years age group.  

The report was launched in the presence of Vrinda Sarup, former Secretary, Ministry of Education, Government of India and the keynote address was given by Professor R Kavita Rao, Director, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 confirms India’s commitment to SDG 4.2 of universalizing Early Childhood Care and Education by 2030. To achieve this goal, substantial financial investment is required. Although the NEP 2020 highlights ECCE as one of the ‘key long-term thrust areas for financing’, it needs to define the quantum of funds needed for universalization of ECCE. This report, built from our earlier work on “The Right Start” 2018 study, provides the much-needed evidence on the estimated financial resources to deliver quality ECE services to all children between the 3 – 6 year age group, and we look forward to supporting the government on evidence-based policy-making to make a lasting change in the lives of 3 – 6 year olds in India, comments Sudarshan Suchi, CEO, Save the Children, India.

Subrat Das, Executive Director, CBGA said, “Given the unevenness of quality and coverage of ECE services in the country, it is important to develop a responsive ECE model that can help the Government of India and the State Governments provide equitable services to all children aged between 3-6 years. An accurate estimate of the costs involved in providing quality early learning can aid efficient planning, enable judicious use of resources and lead to better decision-making. In this context, CBGA aimed to develop a hypothetical cost estimate for the implementation of a high-quality ECE system, based on a specified set of assumptions. This will help gauge the likely magnitude of the total resources the government will need to invest to provide quality early learning and care to children.”

CBGA Report Findings

Following are the key findings from the report:

•  The variables that constitute a well-rounded early childhood are deeply interconnected
• The analyses of the three models of ECE provision, viz. NGO, government, and private entities confirm the varied structure and services of ECE programmes
• The analysis in this study reveals that AWC under ICDS reports the lowest operational cost and lowest cost per child among all the selected ECE models
• Public provisioning for ECE in India caters to approximately 32 percent of 3-6-years-old children and the analysis reveals that the spending is to the tune of Rs. 8,297 per child, per annum. The expenditure varies from Rs 3,792 in Meghalaya to Rs 34,758 in Arunachal Pradesh.
• The average projected cost per child, per year for quality ECE services is in the range of Rs 32,531 (feasible cost) – Rs 56,327 (optimal cost). The actual cost (within this range) will depend on the type of model adopted for implementation.
• The key programmatic administrative and management cost (monitoring and supervision, quality enhancement and cost for institution building) for universal ECE services per year amounts to Rs 367 crore.
• The study concludes that the total budget allocation should be in the range of 1.5-2.2 per cent of GDP to provide universal quality ECE services to all children in the 3-6-year age group.

Recommendations

Recommendations to universalize ECE in India:

• Adequate government investment is necessary to ensure free compulsory ECE for all 3-6-year-old children.
•  A robust mechanism to monitor fund flow and utilization.
• Conducting a sectoral analysis of ECE is the need of the hour.
•  Need for the availability of disaggregated physical as well as financial data at each level of governance.
• Need for a professionally qualified regular-cadre workforce to ensure quality ECE.
• Need to prioritise investment on training and monitoring.
• There is a need to set up standardized financial norms for select components at the Central level.
• Unit costs of components associated with ECE interventions need an upward revision.
• Strengthening and Capacity Building of ECE institutions is required.
• ECE Programmes need to be regulated
• ICT Integration in ECE programmes is essential

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