Chemistry Amines: Overview, Questions, Preparation

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Nitro Compounds Diazonium Salts Schmidt Reaction

Updated on Jun 25, 2021 02:42 IST

Nitro compounds contain one or more than one functional group of nitro (―O―N=O). Organic compounds that have a carbon atom bound to the nitro group's nitrogen atom by a covalent bond are the most common examples. Nitro compounds are colourless liquids or pale yellow in colour, polar in nature, and are only partially soluble in water that lacks any other chemically reactive groupings.

Table of Contents

Some Common Types of Nitrogen Compounds
Properties of Some Nitrogen Compounds
Nitrogen Compounds in Class 10
Nitrogen Compounds in Class 11
Nitrogen compounds in Class 12
Illustrated Examples
FAQs on Amines

Some Common Types of Nitrogen Compounds

Name of Compound	Symbol
Ammonia Gas	NH3
Nitrate	NO3
Nitrite	NO2
Nitrous Oxide	N2O
Urea	CO(NH2)2
Nitric Oxide	NO

Properties of Some Nitrogen Compounds

Ammonia: Ammonia, by nature, is a colourless gas with a scent that is characteristically pungent. It is thinner than air, being 0.589 times the mass of air. Owing to the heavy hydrogen bonding between molecules, it is readily liquefied.
Nitrate: Nitrate is an oxoanion of nitrogen produced by the loss of nitric acid to a proton. The key species are found at pH 7.3. It is an oxoanion of nitrogen, a part of nitrogen's reactive species, and a monovalent inorganic anion.

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Nitrogen Compounds in Class 10

In class 10, there is only the introduction of the organic compounds, So there is not much about nitrogen compounds in the class 10 syllabus, but you will get to know about the structure and some of the nitrogen compound properties.

Nitrogen Compounds in Class 11

Class 11 is known for the start of the studies of the organic compound in your curriculum. You will have to learn about certain compounds and how they react to make usable products from other compounds.

Nitrogen compounds in Class 12

Class 12 has in it one specific whole chapter dedicated to the Nitrogen compound, Amines. You will get to know in detail about the nitro compounds and the different products of nitro compounds' reaction with different other compounds.

Illustrated Examples

What is the reason that an alkylamine is more basic than ammonia?

The electron density on the nitrogen atom increases due to the electron releasing inductive effect (+1) of the alkyl group, contributing the lone pair of electrons more efficiently than ammonia.

Though aniline is not, why is ethylamine soluble in water?

As ethylamine reacts with water, intermolecular H bonds with water begin to form. Thus, in water, it becomes soluble. However, aniline forms H-bonding with water significantly since a large hydrophobic-C6H5 group is present.

Why does nitrated aniline have a significant amount of m-nitroaniline when nitrated?

Nitration is carried out in an acidic medium. Aniline is protonated in an acidic medium to give anilinium ion. Due to the above reason, nitration aniline gives a significant amount of m – nitroaniline.

FAQs on Amines

Q. Why are nitro compounds explosive?

A. Nitrogen's diatomic shape is very stable - that is, the triple bond binding N2 together is very solid and thus has a lot of bond energy. The nitro compounds are explosive since the bonds between nitrogen atoms and other nitrogen atoms are unstable.

Q. What is the charge on nitro?

A. Similar to the carboxylate anion, the nitro group,-NO2 is a combination of two equally resonant structures: the hybrid structure contains a full positive charge on nitrogen and on each oxygen there is a half negative charge.

Q. Which organic compounds is nitrogen found in?

A. In combination, nitrogen is present as ammonia and ammonium salts in the rain and soil, and as ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-), and nitrate (NO3-) ions in seawater. On average, nitrogen represents approximately 16% of the complex organic compounds.

Q. Why does nitrogen exist in compounds?

A. Nitrogen is a colourless, tasteless, odourless gas in normal conditions. Its shape is diatomic molecules, meaning that, in nitrogen gas, there are two nitrogen atoms per molecule (N2). Nitrogen is very inert in this configuration, which means that it does not usually react with other compounds.

Q. Is nitro group Basic?

A. One of the most common explosophores (functional groups that generate a compound explosive) used globally is the nitro group. It is also highly electron-withdrawing by the nitro group. Due to this property, alpha (adjacent) C-H bonds to the nitro group may be acidic.