Motion: Overview, Questions, Preparation

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This chapter has multiple topics listed below:

Rotation and Revolution Uniform and Non Uniform Motion Derivation of Centripetal Accel...Derivation of Escape Velocity Drift Velocity Derivation Hubbles Law Kinematics of Machines Kinematics Equations of Motion Derivation of Compton Effect Derive Equation of Motion by Ca...Terminal Velocity derivation Centripetal and Centrifugal For...

Rajdeep Das

Updated on Jun 23, 2021 03:14 IST

Table of Contents

Introduction
Rotation and Revolution for Class 10
FAQs on Rotation and Revolution

Introduction

The universe is said to be in motion; nothing is stationary. Our earth also moves continuously in space. So, it has two main types of motions: rotation and revolution. The rotation and revolution are essential for sustaining life on the earth.

Orbit is an imaginary line on which the earth moves around the sun.

The orbital plane is the plane passing through the earth (along its orbit).

The tilt of Axis: Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of 66 and a half on its orbital plane. On the other hand, the earth's axis is tilted at 23 and a half on the line perpendicular to its orbital plane.

Rotation

Rotation is a motion of a body spinning on an internal axis.

Earth rotating on its axis creates the daily cycle of day and night. It takes 24 hours to complete a single rotation around its axis. Earth rotates in a counterclockwise direction.
All planets and moons both rotate and revolve.
The daily motion of stars and the sun is due to Earth's rotation.
It causes tides twice a day.
It deflects winds and ocean currents due to the Coriolis effect.
The speed of the Earth's Rotation at the Equator is 1670 km/hr.

Revolution

Revolution is the motion of an object to move in space around another object.

The Earth revolves around the sun. It takes 365.25 days(one year) to revolve around the sun.
Earth revolves on its elliptical orbit or the fixed path on its orbital plane.
During the year, the Earth is tilted differently towards the sun. These alternating angles provide us with different Sun intensities, and therefore, we get four distinct seasons.
Solstices: Two solstices occur in a year; summer solstice and winter solstice. The summer solstice is on 21st June, and the winter solstice is on 22nd December. On these days, the sun's path in the sky is farthest north or south from the Equator.
Equinoxes: If the length of the day and night is equal in all parts of the earth, such a day is called the equinox. Two Equinoxes are observed in March and September every year.
The equinoxes and solstices are on either side of the EquatorEquator.
The speed of the Earth's Revolution around the sun is 107,000 km/hr(30 km/sec)

Rotation and Revolution for Class 10

This chapter covers the motions of the earth, the rotation, and revolution and the motion's effects. The topic is relatively covered in both geography and science subjects. The topic has a weightage of 5 marks.

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FAQs on Rotation and Revolution

1. What are diurnal and annual motions?

A: Diurnal motion is the stars' apparent daily motion that includes the sun, movement around the Earth due to the rotation. Annual motion is the stars' apparent yearly motion due to the Earth's revolution around the sun.

2. What is Nutation?

A: The Earth goes through periodic wobbles, known as nutation (a systematic variation in a rotating object).

3. What is an Analemma?

A: The analemma is the observation of the sun's position in the sky at the same location throughout a year and at the exact time. On the Earth, the sun's analemma curve looks like figure 8, with one side of the curve (or one loop of figure 8) broader than the other. The analemma of the sun has different shapes on each of the eight planets.

4. What is meant by perihelion and Aphelion?

A: The farthest point of the Earth's orbit from the Sun is Aphelion. Perihelion is the point of the Earth's orbit that is closest to the sun.

5. What would happen if the earth does not rotate?

A: If the earth does not rotate, half of the earth is in daylight, and the other half is in the dark. If the earth is not tilted, the sun always appears above the EquatorEquator. As a result, there would be no seasons, no solstices, and equinoxes.