Thermodynamics: Overview, Questions, Preparation

It is one of the important concepts of thermodynamics. Helmholtz free energy is used to measure the work having constant temperature and volume with the help of potential thermodynamics. It can be written as:

F = U – TS

In the equation,

The Helmholtz free energy is denoted as F (Joules),

Internal energy is denoted as U (Joules),

Absolute temperature is denoted as T (Kelvin),

The entropy of the system is denoted as S (Kelvin).

Let us understand the derivation of the formula discussed above,

dU = δQ + δW  (This is the first law of thermodynamics)

dU = T dS – p dV

Here, δQ = Tds and δW = pdf

dU = d (TS) – S dT – p dV 

the product rule clearly states that, d(TS) = Tds + SdT

d (U − TS) = − S dT – p dV

here, dF = - SdT – pdV

and hence we get, F = U – TS

1. Equation of state: it is used in industrial refrigerants by determining the accuracy of pure fluids with the help of the Helmholtz function.
2. Autoencoder: Helmholtz energy is used to determine the sum of the reconstructed code and code cost. Autoencoder is an artificial network used for the efficient encoding of data.

Helmholtz function is a thermodynamic function. It is used to determine the amount of maximum work during the isothermal process, which decreases in the function.

1. Helmholtz free energy is a useful work acquired from a particular system whereas Gibbs free energy is maximum reversible work acquired from a system.
2. The energy is created at a constant temperature and volume, whereas in Gibbs, the energy is created at constant pressure and temperature.
3. The application of Helmholtz is less due to the constant volume. On the other hand, the application of Gibbs free energy is more due to the constant pressure.

1: State one application of Helmholtz Free energy.

Answer: Helmholtz free energy is used in industrial refrigerants by determining the accuracy of pure fluids with the help of Helmholtz function.

2: Write the formula of Helmholtz Free energy.

Answer: The formula of Helmholtz Free energy is F = U – TS.

3: Write the difference between Helmholtz free energy and Gibbs free energy.

Answer: In Helmholtz free energy, the energy is created at a constant temperature and volume, whereas in Gibbs, the energy is created at constant pressure and temperature.

Q: What is the Helmholtz function?

Q: Why is Helmholtz called free energy?

Q: What do you mean by Helmholtz Free energy?

Q: Who discovered Free energy?

Q: What is entropy – intensive or extensive?