Introduction
Carbohydrates are naturally occurring organic substances that are primarily produced by plants. Starch, glucose, and cane sugar are some common examples. Carbohydrates have a general formula of Cx (H2O) y. They are polyhydroxy- aldehydes or ketones or compounds which produce such units on hydrolysis. These are of three types, namely -
1) Monosaccharide
2) Oligosaccharide
3) Polysaccharide
Glucose
Glucose is a monosaccharide with the chemical formula of C6H12O6. It is made of 6 carbon atoms and one aldehyde group, which is the reason why it is also referred to as an aldohexose. Glucose occurs freely and in the combined form. Glucose is naturally present in fruits and honey. It’s a primary source of energy for living beings. Plants produce it via photosynthesis, and animals obtain it via the process of glycogenolysis.
The structure of glucose is as follows:
Fructose
The structure of fructose is as follows:
Weightage
This topic is part of the Class 12 Chemistry syllabus of NCERT. Biomolecules and Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic acids and Amines carry a weightage of 28 marks.
Illustrated Examples
Answer: If sucrose is boiled with dilute HCl or H2SO4, glucose and fructose are obtained in equal amounts.
FAQs on Structure of Glucose and Fructose
Q: What are glucose and fructose?
Q: Who introduced the cyclic structures for glucose?
Q: What are the crystalline forms of glucose?
Q: Which analogies are applied to the cyclic structures of glucose and fructose?
Q: What is the function of glucose and fructose?
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