Selenium syllabus : Latest Updated Syllabus for syllabus

Selenium is an open-source technology mostly used for web browser testing and automation. It offers a unified user interface and allows users to develop test scripts in various programming languages. Selenium supports various programming languages, including PHP, Perl, Python, and others. Selenium is well-known in the testing community because it includes a replay tool that allows functional testing across several web browsers. Users can utilise Selenium for testing without having to learn a testing script language, thanks to this functionality.

Selenium is preferred by freelance developers and U.I. engineers for testing their code or apps. This is because Selenium is more flexible and has a broader scope for web automation.

Syllabus-Important facts for Selenium

• Selenium is free, open-source testing software anyone interested in the testing domain can learn to use. As Selenium is written in Java, students with prior knowledge of Java have an easier time understanding Selenium than others.

• There is no set syllabus or learning path for Selenium. Students can learn Selenium on their own by browsing online or by joining any reputed institute. The typical Selenium syllabus covers topics like

  • Introduction to Automation Testing

  • Internet Technologies for Test Automation of Web Technologies

  • Introduction to Selenium

  • Browsers and Browser Drivers

  • Selenium IDE, RC, GRID, WebDriver

  • Installation and locating techniques

  • Preparing maintainable test scripts

• There is no fixed course duration for learning Selenium as it is not an academic degree. Students can choose their learning speed and complete the course at their convenience. Students with prior experience in testing might finish the entire course in 6 months, while novice learners might take a year. The course duration for Selenium changes from one institute to another. For example, Besant Technologies offers 30+ hours of Selenium training, while MindQSystems offers 70+ hours of training. Students should look closely at the curriculum and training hours offered by prominent institutes before signing up for Selenium training.

• Selenium 4 is the latest version, and it was released on October 13, 2021. Rapid test development, a flexible API, and multi-browser testing are among the new features. These new features allow novice users to learn and use Selenium faster.

• Students also need to finish a project in Selenium as a part of their syllabus to get their certification from the training institute. Some institutes require students to finish 2 projects, while others, like Simplilearn, offer real-time experience with demo website testing.

List of Subjects in Selenium

There is no specific set syllabus for Selenium as the learning path is different for each student. Students with prior experience in the field can skip the introductory topics, while others will need to start from the basics. Some topics that should be included in the Selenium syllabus are:

Topic Title	Topic Details
An Introduction to Automation Testing	This topic covers the importance of automated test processing over manual testing. This topic also covers which cases can be automated and which cases are unsuitable for automated testing. In this topic, students learn about Automated Testing Process Testing Tools Planning, Design, and Development Test Execution Types of Automated Testing Choosing the Right Tool Best Practices Benefits of Automated Testing
Internet Technologies for Test Automation of Web Applications	This topic introduces the different technologies used for testing. The different tools and features of each testing technology are described in this topic. Popular testing technologies covered in this topic include: Selenium Appium Katalon Studio Cucumber HPE Unified Functional Testing Soap UI Test Complete
Introduction to Selenium	Students get an overview of Selenium, which is an open-source testing framework for web applications. The 4 main components of Selenium are introduced in this topic. Selenium WebDriver Selenium IDE Selenium RC Selenium Grid Popular features of Selenium that are covered in this topic include: Supports multiple programming languages, browsers, and operating systems. Supports parallel test execution. Commands are classified in terms of classes. Server installation is not required. It can be integrated with other frameworks to generate reports. Provides IDE to develop test cases.
Browsers and Browser Drivers	In this topic, students learn about the different browsers and browser drivers that support Selenium. Selenium scripts can be run on different web browsers, like Firefox Opera Internet Explorer Chrome Safari, etc. This topic also covers the different browser drivers needed to run Selenium scripts. Students learn how to import drivers for the web browser they want to run the script on. Popular browser drivers covered in this topic include: Chrome Driver Edge Driver Firefox Driver Internet Explorer Driver Safari Driver Opera Driver, etc.
Selenium WebDriver	This topic explains how Selenium WebDriver allows users to run and execute cross browser tests. Students learn about Different libraries are supported by Selenium WebDriver The advantages of using the Selenium WebDriver Limitations of the Selenium WebDriver Popularity of the Selenium WebDriver
Selenium IDE	The topic covers the new version of Selenium IDE with its advanced features, which include: Support for Chrome and Firefox browsers Inclusion of control flow statements It allows code export It supports embedded JavaScript code A Debugger that allows step execution and the addition of breakpoints
Selenium RC	In this topic, students learn about Selenium RC (Remote Control). This project has been overshadowed by WebDriver because of its advanced features. But users can still write scripts in Java, Perl, Python, PHP and C#. Selenium RC architecture and scripting are also taught in this topic.
Selenium Grid	In this topic, students learn how Selenium Grid can reduce test runtime. The Grid features explained in this topic include Parallel testing How it works The main components of the Selenium Grid (Server and Remote Device) The benefits of using the Selenium Grid
Installation and Locator Techniques	This topic discusses the installation process for Selenium Java Selenium Python Selenium C# By following the installation steps, students successfully install Selenium and run their scripts. This topic also covers different Selenium locators, like CSS ID : find_element_by_id CSS Class Name : find_element_by_class_name Name Attribute : find_element_by_name_attribute DOM Structure : find_element_by_xpath Link Text : find_element_by_link_text Partial Link Text : find_element_by_partial_link_text HTML Tag Name : find_element_by_tag_name
Preparing Maintainable Test Scripts	This final topic deals with the best practices and tips for users like Creating generic tests to pass initialization values every time. Ensure your entire page is loaded by using wait.Until() Use a return value > 0 to verify the existence of an element. Use dropdown options for selecting values, indexes, or text. Use Actions() class to hover over web elements. Clear all cookies before running the test script. Use the DeleteAllCookies() function.

Elective Topics for Selenium

There are no elective topics for Selenium as this is a software course designed for making a career in testing.

Topic Title	Topic Details

Detailed Topics for Selenium

There is no rigid syllabus for learning Selenium. Students who wish to learn Selenium must choose their own learning path. Students who are new to testing but want to make a career in this field can follow this syllabus.

S.No.	Topic Title	Topic Details
1	Introduction to Automation Testing	Students are introduced to the field of automation testing. This topic is a stepping stone for novice learners who want to make a career in testing. Students learn about different testing tools and how to choose the right tool for the task.
2	Internet Technologies for Test Automation of Web Applications	This topic describes in detail the different technologies available for testing. Students learn about the features of popular testing technologies like Selenium, Appium, Test Complete, etc.
3	Introduction to Selenium	Students learn about this free, open-source testing technology and its features. The advantages of using Selenium for testing web applications are also discussed. The latest Selenium version, Selenium 4, is also introduced to the students. The new features of this version are discussed in this topic.
4	Browsers and Browser Drivers	Students learn which browsers support Selenium in this topic. They also learn about browser drivers and how to install them.
5	Selenium WebDriver	This topic discusses how WebDriver runs and executes test scripts on different browsers. Different features, advantages, and limitations of WebDriver are also discussed.
6	Selenium IDE	Students learn about the latest version of IDE. It supports features like support for Chrome and Firefox. This topic also covers the other features in the IDE.
7	Selenium RC	Although RC has been replaced by WebDriver, it is still used for scripts. RC and WebDriver features are compared. RC architecture and scripting using Java, C# and PHP are also discussed.
8	Selenium Grid	Parallel testing, components of Grid and its advantages are discussed in this topic.
9	Installation and Locator Techniques	The installation process of Selenium is explained in this topic. The different Selenium locators and locating techniques are also discussed.
10	Preparing Maintainable Test Scripts	In this final topic, students learn how to write test scripts. The best practices and tips to be followed while Selenium are also discussed in this topic.

Books and Authors Related to Selenium

There are many good books on Selenium for beginners and professionals. Students should check for the latest editions as they explain the newest developments in Selenium. A few popular books on Selenium are listed below.

Subject	Book Title	Author	Description of the Book
Selenium	Learn Selenium	Unmesh Gundecha Carl Cocchiaro	This is a learning path that benefits professionals. This book is not for beginners. Prior Java and testing knowledge is needed to understand the concepts.
Python Testing	Python Testing with Selenium	Sujay Raghavendra	This book teaches readers how to use WebDriver and Python for testing. Readers can learn how to Deal with UI web elements Find web elements Use the Unittest framework Use Python to install and configure WebDriver for different browsers
Selenium Testing	Selenium Testing Tool-A Complete Guide	Gerardus Blokdyk	This book covers all the Selenium Testing Tool essentials to make the reader an expert. Successful projects of professionals are discussed for better understanding. The self assessment tool allows readers to easily achieve their goals.
Selenium	Learn Selenium in 1 Day: Definitive Guide to Learn Selenium for Beginners	Krishna Rungta	This book uses Java as a scripting language and covers Selenium in detail. Installation, writing and enhancing scripts, using WebDriver and Selenium Grid are some of the topics covered in this book.

Entrance exam for Selenium

There are no entrance exams for joining a Selenium course in India. Students who are interested in making a career in testing can join any Selenium training institute. Prior knowledge of any programming language like Java, PHP, Perl, or Python is beneficial. Beginners should prefer to join an institute where the course syllabus starts from the basics of testing.

Selenium Syllabus for Distance Courses/Online Learning

Most Selenium training institutes offer both online and offline classes for students. The online classes are similar to distance learning classes in other streams. As the syllabus of Selenium is not rigid, students have the freedom to choose an institute according to the syllabus it offers. Both beginners and professionals can opt for online learning if it meets their needs.

Beginners are advised to opt for joining Selenium training institutes that have a detailed syllabus. The curriculum should introduce the topics and cover the basics of Selenium in detail. A typical Selenium curriculum for beginners should contain these topics:

• Introduction to testing: Why is it important? What are the different types of testing? What are the limitations for manual testing and automated testing?

• Selenium: Introduction and features of Selenium. The importance of Selenium in testing. Why is Selenium popular? What are the features of Selenium? How to install Selenium?

• What are browser drivers? Which browsers support Selenium?

• Testing in Selenium: Project exposure.

Professionals who have prior testing or programming knowledge should opt for an advanced course in Selenium. This will allow them to get good placements after their course completion. Advanced learners should ideally learn about the latest features of Selenium 4. They should also have the opportunity to get real-time exposure to testing projects to improve their skills. Institutes that offer good placement services are ideal for these candidates.

You can also learn Selenium on your own by exploring different online resources. This will allow you to choose your own pace of study without the need to follow any rigid curriculum. Self study is best suited for students who are thinking of starting their career in automated testing.

Top 10 Institutions for Selenium

As Selenium is now in high demand, it is being offered in many institutes in India. But before joining any institute, it is advisable to check out the curriculum offered there. Students should also choose a Selenium course based on their exposure to Java, PHP, Python, or C#. Novice students need to learn at least one of these programming languages before learning Selenium.

The main criteria that students should look for while joining a Selenium course are

• Availability of both online and offline classes

• Placement assistance

• Interview preparation assistance

• Projects

• Detailed course structure

The top 10 institutes in India that are offering Selenium courses are listed below. These institutes are listed based on the good ratings and feedback they have been given by the students. A majority of the alumni of these institutes have gotten placements in top companies after course completion. The students also get project exposure and learn better with the detailed curriculum offered in these institutes.

Sl. No.	Institution Name	Link
1	Edureka	To be uploaded soon
2	CromaCampus	To be uploaded soon
3	TOPS Technologies	To be uploaded soon
4	Mind Q Systems	To be uploaded soon
5	Besant Technologies	To be uploaded soon
6	FITA	To be uploaded soon
7	Selenium Labs	To be uploaded soon
8	Greens Technologys	To be uploaded soon
9	iCLASS Training	To be uploaded soon
10	KRNInfomatix	To be uploaded soon

1. What are the limitations of Selenium testing?

As Selenium is open-source, there is no reliable technical support for it. Users have to rely on the support of the online community to resolve their queries. Selenium supports web applications only and is not suitable for customised hardware. There is limited support for Image testing, which makes it difficult for users to finish their tasks. Some users also feel that setting up a test environment in Selenium is difficult when compared to RFT, SkillTest, etc.

2. What 4 conditions must be met for Selenium to pass a test?

The 4 conditions that must be met for Selenium to pass a test are:

• URL - The application URL triggers the test case.

• Host - Selenium can be bound to a specific IP address instead of a host on a local server.

• Browser - This is where the Selenium script needs to be executed.

• Port Number - Users can specify the port number to connect the Selenium tests to the Grid. Users need to ensure that there are no applications with the same port number in any location on the same machine.

3. Is coding required for Selenium?

Yes, having at least a basic knowledge of Java is recommended for learning Selenium. This will allow you to create simple test automation scripts with Selenium WebDriver API. But if you don't have any knowledge of Java, then you can create your tests using the Record and Play feature of the Selenium IDE. This is a GUI based tool in Selenium that only works in Mozilla Firefox.

4. What can’t we automate using Selenium?

We cannot automate testing on customised or embedded hardware using Selenium. This is because Selenium is designed for web applications only. Manual testing is the better option in such scenarios, as automated testing takes too much time. This defeats the main purpose of automated testing, which is to accomplish tasks faster to save time and effort.

5. Why is Maven used in Selenium?

Maven is an automation tool used to build and manage projects in different programming languages. It is used in Selenium because it provides information present in pom. This information includes

• Unit test reports

• Mailing lists

• Dependency lists

• Cross referenced sources, etc.

Maven also manages the users build compilation, documentation, and other project related tasks.

6. What is SDLC?

SDLC refers to the Software Development Life Cycle in which testing is the most important phase. There are 2 types of testing

• Manual Testing: Test case scenarios are checked manually to detect errors and bugs. This process is suitable for unique hardware and is time consuming.

• Automated Testing: Use of an automated system to validate test case scenarios. This process eliminates the need for manual testing and helps in saving time and effort.

7. What is the latest Selenium version?

The latest version of Selenium is Selenium4, which was launched on October 13, 2021. Important changes in Selenium 4 include:

• Support has been removed for Opera and PhantomJS. Opera users need to switch to Chrome, while PhantomJS users can switch to Chrome or Firefox.

• Grid now supports advanced tools like Docker, AWS, and Azure. Now the Grid also has a more user-friendly UI and carries information about the current session, capacity, etc.

8. Which locator is faster in Selenium?

The ID locator is the fastest locator in Selenium. This is preferred by most users to locate their preferred WebElements on a page. The ID locators are unique for each element on the page; this makes them faster than other locators.

9. What is TestNG in Selenium?

This is a Java testing framework on the lines of JUnit and NUnit. TestNG has new properties and does not have the constraints of JUnit. These improved features make TestNG a better choice.

10. Can we compare two images in Selenium?

To compare two images in Selenium, you need to take a screenshot of the original image and save it. A screenshot of the same image needs to be captured while automating the web application. Both the images can then be compared with each other.

11. What happens if ‘Verify’ fails in Selenium?

In such cases, the test will continue and the failure will be logged. If there is a ‘WaitFor’ command, then the test stops if the condition is false. The condition in this command needs to be met within the specified timeout setting.

12. Which is faster: CSS or XPath?

CSS is faster than XPath on most browsers. This is because the CSS selectors perform faster and are more reliable than XPath. These selectors are also easier to read and understand as they are shorter than XPath.

13. What is Jenkins in Selenium?

Jenkins is an open-source CI (Continuous Integration) server. The build and deploy process of web applications gets automated through Jenkins. By using Jenkins for Selenium testing, users can automate testing as a part of the build process.

14. What is the difference between close and quit on Selenium?

When we use close() only the current window in which Selenium is running the test is closed. Other windows in the WebDriver session remain active and do not get affected. But, the quit() closes all browser windows and ends the entire session.

Following are the most popular Selenium Colleges in India. Learn more about these Selenium colleges (Courses, Reviews, Answers & more) by downloading the Brochure.

Following are the most popular Selenium courses, based on alumni reviews. Explore these reviews to choose the best course in Selenium.

Following are the top exams for Selenium. Students interested in pursuing a career on Selenium, generally take these important exams.You can also download the exam guide to get more insights.