Identity Function: Overview, Questions, Preparation

Relations and Functions 2021 ( Relations and Functions )

Rachit Kumar Saxena

Rachit Kumar SaxenaManager-Editorial

Updated on Aug 2, 2021 10:25 IST

What are Relations and Functions?

In algebra, relations and functions play the most crucial part. All functions are relations, but not all relations are functions. The relation between the two sets is formed by the Cartesian product of the subsets.

Difference_between_Relation_and_Function

Relations

When two or more sets are connected through different means, it is termed as a relation. Consider ‘A’ and  ‘B’ as two sets, and ‘x’ and ‘y’ are objects in it. So, we can say ‘A’, ‘B’ is in a relation if the objects ‘x’ and ‘y’ are connected by any means.

Different types of Relations

Universal relation- When all the objects in ‘A’ are related to the objects in ‘B’.

Empty relation- When none of the objects in ‘A’ is related to the objects in ‘B’.

Inverse relation- When the relation, R between ‘A’ and ‘B’ is equal to the relation, R-1.

Identity relation- When all the objects in ‘A’ are related to itself.

Symmetric relation- When all the objects in ‘A’, and ‘B’ are symmetrically identical.

Reflexive relation- When all the objects in set ‘A’ mirror themselves, it is known as reflexive relation.

Transitive relation- If set ‘A’ is equal to ‘B’ and set ‘B’ is equal to ‘C’, then set ‘A’ is equal to ‘C’.

Equivalence relation- When a relation is a combination of symmetric, transitive, and reflexive.

Functions

When there is an output for every input, then the relation is termed as a function. When all the objects of both the sets are related to each other, and an output is involved, it is termed as a function.

Different types of functions

One to one- When there is a distinct value in set ‘B’ for every value in ‘A’.

Many to one- When more than one object in set ‘A’ is related to one object in ‘B’.

Onto function- When for every element in set ‘B’ there is a preimage in ‘A’.

One-one to unto- When a function has all the elements of one to one and onto.

Difference between Relation and Functions

When two or more sets are connected through different means, it is termed as a relation. When there is an output for every input, then the relation is termed a function.
A relation is denoted by ‘R,’ and a function is represented by ‘f’ or ‘F’.

Every function is a relation, but not every relation is a function.

Weightage of Relation and Function in Class XII

The chapter ‘Relations and Functions’ would discuss different functions, relations, the composition of functions, binary operations, and invertible functions in detail. 

Illustrative examples on Relations and Functions

1. For an arbitrary binary operation * on a set N, a*a = a ∀ a ∈ N. Is it true or false?

Solution. False

2. Consider a binary operation * on N defined as a*b = a3 + b3. Choose the right option.
a. Is  * both associative and commutative
b. Is * associative but not commutative
c. Is * commutative but not associative
d. Is * Neither. 

Solution. (b)

3. Is * defined on the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by a*b = L.C.M.  of ‘a’ and ‘b’ binary operation? Justify.

Solution. 

Let a= 2 and b =3, considering the above-given equation.
      a*b= 2*3= 6
Since 6 is not in the set, it is not a binary operation.

FAQs on Relation and Functions

Q: What is a relation?

A: When two or more sets are connected through different means, it is termed as a relation.

Q: What are the types of relations?

A: There are eight kinds of relations- Universal, empty, inverse, identity, symmetric, reflexive, transitive, and equivalence.

Q: What is a function?

A: When there is an output for every input, then the relation is termed as a function.

Q: What are the types of functions?

A: There are four kinds of functions- one to one, many to one, unto, and- one to unto functions.

Q: State the difference between a relation and a function?

A: A relation is denoted by ‘R’, whereas a function is denoted by ‘F’ or ‘f.’ Every function is a relation, but not every relation is a function.

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