Ideal Solution: Overview, Questions, Preparation

Ideal Solution: We can define an ideal solution as a solution where the interaction of component molecules does not vary from the interactions of each component’s molecules. At all concentrations and temperatures, ideal solutions obey Raoult’s law. Chlorobenzene and bromobenzene, methanol and ethanol, benzene and toluene, n-butyl chloride and n-butyl bromide, etc are examples of ideal solutions. 

Class 12 students will learn ideal solution in the chapter Solutions in NCERT Class 12 Chemistry. Ideal solution refers to a mixture or solution in which the components mix perfectly and exhibit ideal behaviour. In an ideal solution, the interactions between the molecules of the components are very similar, and there are no deviations from Raoult's Law. An ideal solution is a mixture in which the molecules of different species are distinguishable, however, unlike the ideal gas, the molecules in ideal solution exert forces on one another. When those forces are the same for all molecules independent of species then a solution is said to be ideal. 

Raoult's Law states that the partial vapour pressure of each component in an ideal solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction in the solution. In other words, the behaviour of the components in an ideal solution is predictable and follows simple mathematical relationships. Ideal solutions are often used as a theoretical benchmark in the study of real solutions to understand deviations from ideal behaviour.