B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
4.7 /5- Deemed University
- Estd. 1958
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science at IIT Bombay Overview
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
IIT Bombay offers a 4 years B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science course at the UG level. To get admitted to IIT Bombay B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science course, applicants must meet the entry requirements - 75.0% in 12th. IIT Bombay The total tuition fee for this course is INR 800000 for the entire duration of the course. Apart from the tuition fee, students are also required to pay a one-time admission fee of INR 16000, and a hostel fee of INR 294200. The course offers admission to 113 students. To learn more about other courses offered under B.E. / B.Tech at IIT Bombay, please visit.
Duration | 4 years |
Course Level | UG Degree |
Mode of Course | Full Time |
Total Tuition Fees | ₹8.00 Lakh |
Average package | ₹23.50 Lakh |
Official Website | Go to Website  |
Seat breakup | 113 |
Type of University | Deemed |
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science at IIT Bombay Fees
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
| Fee components | Amount (4 years) |
|---|---|
₹ 8.00 Lakh | |
Hostel fee is calculated on the basis of 1st Semester. Actual amount may vary.
The fees might include components other than hostel fees.
Meal Plan is included in mentioned fee. | ₹ 2.94 Lakh |
One time payment includes Admission Fee, Student Welfare Fund, Institute Security Deposit, and Library Security Deposit | ₹ 16,000 |
₹ 11.10 Lakh |
These are based on information available on various sources. Latest values may differ.
View scholarships
Want to know more about IIT Bombay Scholarship details?
Read about Scholarship
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science at IIT Bombay Placements
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
| Particulars | Statistics (2024) |
|---|---|
| Average Salary | INR 23.50 Lakh |
| Highest Salary | INR 1.68 Crores |
| Median Salary | INR 17.92 Lakh |
| % Batch placed | 70.37 |
| International Placements (annual) | Total 58 offer's |
Top Recruiters for IIT BombayACCENTURE
Analog Devices
Apple
CITI Bank
Google
Hindustan Unilever
HONEYWELL
IBM
ISRO
ITC
L T
Mahindra Group
Microsoft
ONGC
Qualcomm
Reliance
Samsung
SONY
UBER
Vedanta
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science at IIT Bombay Frequently Asked Questions
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
Q: How much is the hostel fee for BTech at IIT Bombay?
A:
Aspirants wishing to stay in the hostel of IIT Bombay campus have to pay a hostel fee. The fee is charged as per the service required by the candidates. An additional amount is to be paid for aspirants wanting to avail the mess service. Below is the IIT Bombay hostel fee for BTech:
| Component | Fee |
|---|---|
| Hostel fee without mess | INR 99,600 |
| Hostel fee with mess | INR 1.81 lakh |
Upvote 
Q: Can I get admission to IIT Bombay in BTech if my rank is between 1 and 5000?
A:
The cut off rank in Round 6 for B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering is 67 which is very close to this range. This was for general category under All India quota. Unless the candidate belongs to some other category, one can not afford to score less than this. With this rank, there is a probability of getting admission however since, the cut offs keep changing from round to round, better ranks definitely increases your chances of getting admission in IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology.
Upvote Q: Between IIT Bombay and IIT Delhi, which has better hostel facilities and amenities for BTech students?
A:
Based on ratings and reviews from current and former students, IIT Delhi is considered to have better hostel facilities and amenities compared to IIT Bombay. The hostels at IIT Delhi are known for their cleanliness, spacious rooms, and well-maintained common areas. The campus also has various sports facilities, gymnasiums, and recreation rooms, which are highly appreciated by the students. In comparison, while the hostels at IIT Bombay are also considered to be of good quality, they are often criticized for being too congested and having inadequate facilities. However, the campus does have a good range of amenities including a sports complex, swimming pool, and student activity center.
Upvote Q: What is the total fee of B.Tech at IIT Bombay for 4 years?
A:
The total tuition fees for BTech ranges from INR 8 lakh to INR 20 lakh (inclusive of the integrated BTech-MTech fee). In addition, SC/ ST/ PwD candidates are exempted from paying tuition fees for UG courses. The institute further reserves the right to revise the fee in subsequent semesters. Moreover, the given fee is as per the data collected from unofficial sources. Hence, is subject to change.
Upvote Q: What is the JEE Advanced cut off for B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering in IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology?
A:
For 2022, cut off was 61 for General category candidates in All India quota for B.Tech. in Computer Science and Engineering in IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology. For female candidates in general category under All India quota, 305 was the closing rank. B.Tech cut off varies depending on the category and domicile/quota of the applicant.
Upvote B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science at IIT Bombay Entry Requirements
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
General
SC
ST
Requirements for 12th grade
- 75%
- Read moreCandidate must satisfy at least one of the following two criteria with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics as compulsory subjects in the year of first appearance in the Class XII (or equivalent examination), i.e. in either 2023 or 2024: Candidate must have passed class 12th or equivalent examination with a minimum of five subjects and with the mentioned marks in aggregate (65% for PwD candidates) from a recognized board. OR Candidate must have passed class 12th or equivalent examination with minimum of five subjects and be within the category-wise (category as per the central list) top 20 percentile of successful candidates in their respective Class XII (or equivalent) board examination. Other mandatory Criteria: Candidate who had appeared in Class 12th or equivalent examination for the first time in 2022 or earlier, are NOT eligible to appear irrespective of the combination or number of subjects attempted/offered. However, if the exam Board of Class 12th or equivalent declared the results for the academic year 2021-22 on or after September 21, 2022, then the candidates of that Board who appeared for their Class 12th or equivalent exam in 2022 are also eligible appear in JEE (Advanced) 2024, provided they meet all the other eligibility criteria. In case the exam Board of class 12th or equivalent declared the results for the academic year 2021-22 before September 21, 2022 but the result of a particular candidate was withheld, then the candidate will not be eligible to appear in JEE (Advanced) 2024. NOTE: List of Qualifying Examinations (QE): - The final examination of the 10+2 system, conducted by a Central or State Board recognized by the Association of Indian Universities (AIU). - Intermediate or two-year Pre-University examination conducted by a Board or University recognized by the Association of Indian Universities. - Final examination of the two-year course of the Joint Services Wing of the National Defence Academy. - Senior Secondary School Examination conducted by the National Institute of Open Schooling with a minimum of five subjects. - Any Public School, Board or University examination in India or in a foreign country recognized as equivalent to the 10+2 system by the AIU. - H.S.C. vocational examination. - In case the Class XII examination is not a public examination, the candidate must have passed at least one public (Board or Pre-University) examination earlier.
JEE Main
- N/A
JEE Advanced
- N/A
Other eligibility criteria
Candidates should be among the top 2,50,000 successful candidates (including all categories) in B.E./B.Tech. paper of JEE (Main) 2024.
Candidates should have been born on or after October 1, 1999. SC, ST, and PwD candidates should have been born on or after October 1, 1994.
Candidates who have been admitted to a preparatory course in any of the IITs for the first time in 2023 can appear in JEE (Advanced) 2024.
The candidates who were allocated a seat in an IIT through JoSAA 2023 but (i) did not report “online” / at any “reporting centre” OR, (ii) withdrew before the last round of seat allotment, OR, (iii) had their seat cancelled (for whatever reason) before the last round of seat allotment for IITs, are eligible to appear for JEE (Advanced) 2024.
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science at IIT Bombay Admission Process
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
- CounsellingAdmission is through JoSAA counseling based on the rank obtained in JEE Advanced.
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science at IIT Bombay Cutoffs
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
3Gender
Quota
Category
JEE Advanced round-wise cutoff Rank: (General-All India)
| Round | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 3766 | 4428 | 4175 |
| 2 | 3766 | 4511 | 4175 |
| 3 | 3766 | 4511 | 4175 |
| 4 | 3766 | 4627 | 4175 |
| 5 | 3766 | 4627 | 4193 |
| 6 | 3783 | 4649 | - |
Explore Courses offered by IIT Bombay
Select the Degree you are Interested in
Select the Stream you are Interested in
Other courses offered by IIT Bombay
Get best suited colleges for you in real-time
Here’s how it works:
Share your preferences with our assistant
Tell us about your city, course, budget & more
Get recommendations in no time
Discover best colleges that meet all your needs
It won’t take more than a minute!
Read B.E. / B.Tech reviews from IIT Bombay
Read Reviews
S
Sankalp Bhitkar 
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science - Batch of 2027
Offered by IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology
4.6
5Placements4Infrastructure4Faculty5Crowd & Campus Life5Value for Money
IIT Bombay college review - campus & student life.
Placements: 1. 85.51 percent of students were placed in Metallurgy and material science department of engineering.
2. Highest package: domestic = 1.68 crore/year; international = Rs 3.67 crore/year.
3. The top recruiters are usually Google, Microsoft, Apple, and IBM.
Infrastructure: The lecture hall complex is 10/10. It is big, air-conditioned, and equipped with high-speed Wi-Fi. Some of the hostels are good and some are bad. I got Hostel 1 in my first year and Hostel 2 in my second year, and I am fortunate that both of these hostels are great in terms of infrastructure and food quality.
Faculty: 1. Most of the professors are very chill, helpful, and overqualified. However, the learning experience was not great for me.
2. For someone who wants to make a career in core, yes, the courses are relevant.
3. Most of the exams are very tough, but since there is relative grading, almost everyone passes.
Other: 1. I chose this course because it had relatively lower academic pressure. It helps me to give time to pursue my passion.
2. I wish the exams were comparatively less tough.
3. Events and fests are no doubt awesome on our big green campus. No issues with connectivity. Plenty of scholarships are there to support the student community.
Reviewed on 22 Oct 2024Read More
A
Anonymous
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science - Batch of 2025
Offered by IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology
4.2
4Placements3Infrastructure4Faculty5Crowd & Campus Life5Value for Money
Good Academics, placements and infrastructure.
Placements: The placements of IIT Bombay are one of the best in the entire country. The percentage of placements in my senior year was around 75 % for all the branches, and it is was similar to that in my own degree. The highest package was around 4 crores INR per year (but the posting of this job was somewhere in Europe, so the cost of living factors have to be accounted for), the lowest was 5 LPA, and the average was around 17-18 LPA. The top companies for my course are McKinsey and Co, BCG, Brain and Co, Goldmann Sachs, Morgan Stanely, Tata Steel, Rakuta, JSW etc.
Infrastructure: The infrastructure in-general is really nice. The labs (specially in the sub-department of spectroscopy) are really high-teach. The department building looks a bit worn-down, but the facilities such as seminar rooms, library etc. Are really up to the mark. The hostels, however are not very nice. The old hostels have really small rooms, and they are in constant repair mode. The new hostels, however, are really nice. A mess is present in every hostel, and a canteen is present in almost every hostel. The sport facilities are really awesome. We have facilities for almost any sport you can think about. Both indoor and outdoor facilities are provided (although outdoor facilities are available due to Mumbai rains for almost 4 months). There is a hosptial inside the campus which provides free medical facility for every member of the institute.
Faculty: The faculty here is very well qualified, all of them being from well-reputed institutes themselves. The teaching quality varies, some professors are really good teachers and some are not. However, every one of them is an excellent researcher. The curriculum provides you with strong theoretical fundamentals, and also provides opportunities for doing various projects. There are many professors here who work closely with the industry, and you can work with those professors to gain industry experience.
Other: I chose the course because I was interested in Physics and this was what my JEE rank was allowing me. The department tries to cover a lot of depth in the curriculum, and in some courses fails to cover depth. I wish it would improve the depth of some courses. The campus life is really happening and vibrant, with a wide range of activities in various areas such as culturals, sports, public service, politics etc. The campus is near Hiranandani, Powai which is a really posh area. So, the surrounding is really nice and convenient. There are various scholarships available based on your CGPA.
Reviewed on 18 Jun 2024Read More
A
Anonymous
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science - Batch of 2027
Offered by IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology
5
5Placements5Infrastructure5Faculty5Crowd & Campus Life5Value for Money
I think my college is the best.
Placements: Up to 80% of students were placed in my course. The highest package is up to 80 LPA, and the lowest is 15 LPA, with an average of 30 LPA per annum. Material companies like silicon-related companies and more companies recruit up to 30-40 percent of students for internships.
Infrastructure: Facilities in my course are very good. The classroom infrastructure is very good, and the labs are also very well-equipped with all necessary facilities. Wi-Fi is available everywhere in the classroom. The hostels are very good; however, the food is not great, but it's not too bad either. The canteens are also not very good.
Faculty: Teachers are very helpful, qualified, and kind. They teach very well. The course curriculum is very relevant and it prepares students for industries. Semester exams are not too tough, and the pass percentage is up to 30-40 percent for the course, so they are not overly difficult.
Reviewed on 11 Feb 2024Read More
A
Anonymous
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science - Batch of 2027
Offered by IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology
5
5Placements5Infrastructure5Faculty5Crowd & Campus Life5Value for Money
The Best College Life is Here. Where are you?
Placements: Since I'm in my first year, I don't know how much percentage, you can find it on official website. But the seniors tell it has always been above 90%. The least package offered in MEMS depth. Was 13.87 LPA and the maximum was 49.38 LPA in the year 2023. Some of the top companies were JP morgan, Goldman Sachs, Amazon, Microsoft.
Infrastructure: The Facilities are definitely best in sports, classrooms, Hostel rooms, Internet, Hospital is 24*7, Library 24* etc. We have our own gym and the mess food is decent as far as quality is concerned I felt it as best. The canteens are not pure veg and it is a problem for vegetarian students. We have got our own dominos, CCD, Chaiyos.
Faculty: The teachers are the best here, They are very encouraging with the students and there is a mutual respect for every student and there is no partiality and hence all are equal. They try to help in every possible way, let it be personal or academic or anything else. We have an opportunity to meet the top industrialists to solve any kind of problems they face. The pass percentage is not bad.
Reviewed on 21 Jan 2024Read More
A
Anonymous
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science - Batch of 2027
Offered by IIT Bombay - Indian Institute of Technology
4.4
5Placements3Infrastructure4Faculty5Crowd & Campus Life5Value for Money
Good environment and life at campus.
Placements: About 8-10% of first year students are placed in MEMS. Packages average around 20 lac per annum. The highest package for last year was 3.67 crore. Top companies hiring include tata steel, and a lot of IT companies also recruit. About 70% of students get internship from this course.
Infrastructure: The classrooms are air conditioned, and have good lighting and Wi-Fi. Libraries are also available for self study and issuing books on various topics. A separate building for the department is also alloted. The food in mess varies from hostel to hostel, and canteen food is okayish. Sports and games are given appropriate attention.
Faculty: Yes, the teachers are great and help the students a lot. The teaching quality is great too. Yes, second year onwards the course is really curriculum relevant. The exams require consistent studies, and are harder than expected. The pass percentage around 20-30%. .
Reviewed on 13 Oct 2023Read More
View All 27 Reviews
Compare Courses From Similar Colleges
Similar courses in the same city
₹60 K
Overall Rating4.1
4.1₹20.32 L
Overall Rating4.1
4.1₹6.09 L
Overall Rating4.1
4.1₹5.45 L
Overall Rating4.2
4.2₹4.56 L
Overall Rating3.7
3.7₹7.21 L
Overall Rating4.4
4.4₹3.48 L
Overall Rating4.0
4.0B.Tech. in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
Offered by Thakur College of Engineering and Technology₹5.57 L
Overall Rating3.8
3.8₹7.65 L
Overall Rating4.2
4.2B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science at IIT Bombay Students also asked
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
Q: How can I get admission in IIT Mumbai?
A:
IIT Bombay admission to all the courses is entrance-based (Except for EMBA, where admission is merit-based and performance in the interview round). The IIT Bombay admission process includes the application process, selection round, cutoff, merit list or counselling and other steps. For BTech, candidates have to clear JEE Main and JEE Advanced. Further for other courses such as MTech, MBA, MSc, BDes, and MDes, aspirants need to clear GATE, CAT, IITJAM, UCEED, and CEED, respectively to qualify for further admission rounds.
Upvote Q: What is the placement scenario at IIT Bombay?
A:
The key highlights of IIT Bombay placements 2024 are presented below:
Particulars | Placement Statistics (2024) |
|---|---|
Average package | INR 23.5 LPA |
Median package | INR 17.92 LPA |
Placement rate | 74.53% |
Registered students | 2414 |
Participated students | 1979 |
Students placed | 1475 |
Offers accepted | 1475 |
Offers made | 1650 |
Total recruiters | 364 |
Offers above 1 CPA | 22 |
PPOs accepted | 258 |
International offers accepted | 78 |
Upvote Q: Is B.Sc. at IIT Bombay worth the investment?
A:
{Source: B.Sc. students & alumni}
Based on the feedback from students and alumni, here's a summary of the key points:
Pros:
* Excellent Infrastructure: Modern and well-equipped laboratories, libraries, and sports facilities.
* High-Quality Education: Qualified and experienced faculty members, with a focus on practical learning.
* Good Placement Record: Approx. 88% placement rate, with the highest packages reaching up to INR56 LPA and average packages ranging between INR18-20 LPA.
* Scholarship Opportunities: Availability of scholarships based on family income and merit.
* Research-Oriented Course: Emphasis on hands-on projects and interactions with Ph.D. researchers.
Cons:
* Limited Campus Facilities: Old hostels may require renovation, and some students might feel that the rooms are small.
* Some Faculty Members May Not Be Effective Teachers: While most professors are helpful, some may not be as effective in imparting knowledge.
* Course Curriculum May Need Updates: Some students reported that certain subjects' curricula may not be updated regularly.
Overall Assessment:
Considering the pros and cons, investing in a B.Sc. degree at IIT Bombay appears to be a worthwhile decision. The university offers an excellent education, cutting-edge infrastructure, and strong placement records. Additionally, the availability of scholarships and research opportunities provides a competitive edge for students.
However, it's essential to acknowledge that the campus facilities could improve, and some faculty members may require more effective teaching methods. Nonetheless, these drawbacks seem manageable considering the program's strengths.
Ultimately, whether or not B.Sc. at IIT Bombay is "worth" the investment depends on individual priorities and goals. For those seeking a rigorous academic experience, strong networking opportunities, and career advancement prospects, IIT Bombay's B.Sc. programme seems like a valuable investment.
Based on the feedback from students and alumni, here's a summary of the key points:
Pros:
* Excellent Infrastructure: Modern and well-equipped laboratories, libraries, and sports facilities.
* High-Quality Education: Qualified and experienced faculty members, with a focus on practical learning.
* Good Placement Record: Approx. 88% placement rate, with the highest packages reaching up to INR56 LPA and average packages ranging between INR18-20 LPA.
* Scholarship Opportunities: Availability of scholarships based on family income and merit.
* Research-Oriented Course: Emphasis on hands-on projects and interactions with Ph.D. researchers.
Cons:
* Limited Campus Facilities: Old hostels may require renovation, and some students might feel that the rooms are small.
* Some Faculty Members May Not Be Effective Teachers: While most professors are helpful, some may not be as effective in imparting knowledge.
* Course Curriculum May Need Updates: Some students reported that certain subjects' curricula may not be updated regularly.
Overall Assessment:
Considering the pros and cons, investing in a B.Sc. degree at IIT Bombay appears to be a worthwhile decision. The university offers an excellent education, cutting-edge infrastructure, and strong placement records. Additionally, the availability of scholarships and research opportunities provides a competitive edge for students.
However, it's essential to acknowledge that the campus facilities could improve, and some faculty members may require more effective teaching methods. Nonetheless, these drawbacks seem manageable considering the program's strengths.
Ultimately, whether or not B.Sc. at IIT Bombay is "worth" the investment depends on individual priorities and goals. For those seeking a rigorous academic experience, strong networking opportunities, and career advancement prospects, IIT Bombay's B.Sc. programme seems like a valuable investment.
Upvote Q: Can I join IIT Bombay after Class 12?
A:
Admission to the institute after Class 12 is open for BTech, BS and BDes courses. After completing Class 12, candidates must qualify JEE Main, JEE Advanced followed by the JoSAA Counselling for BTech and BS courses. For BDes, UCEED score is required for admission.
Upvote Q: What rank is required to get a seat at IIT Bombay?
A:
IIT Bombay JEE Advanced Cutoff 2024 was concluded after six rounds of seat allotment result. The cutoff rank for various BTech/integrated BTech/BS courses closed between a range of 68 and 7430, for the General AI category. The most competitive course for the General AI category candidates was BTech in Computer Science and Engineering.
As per the IIT Bombay OBC Cutoff 2024, the closing cutoff ranks for different specialisations ranged between 50 and 3506. The most competitive course for the OBC AI category was BTech in Computer Science and Engineering.
Upvote 
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
Student Forum
Anything you would want to ask experts?
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science at IIT Bombay News & Updates
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
Latest
Popular
Satyendra Singh · Jan 3, 2025
1.7L views · 4 comments
Satyendra Singh · Jan 3, 2025
1.8M views · 19 comments
Satyendra Singh · Jan 3, 2025
6.2L views · 1 comment
Satyendra Singh · Jan 3, 2025
1.2L views
View all News & Updates
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science at IIT Bombay Contact Information
B.Tech. in Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science
at IIT Bombay
Address
IIT Bombay, Main Gate Road, IIT Area
Mumbai ( Maharashtra)
Phone
02225764063
(For general query)
02225722545
(For admission query)
Email
gateoffice@iitb.ac.in
(For general query)
jeeadv@iitb.ac.in
(For admission query)
Go to College Website ->
Useful Links
Know more about IIT Bombay
- All About IIT Bombay
- Courses 2025
- Fees 2025
- Reviews on Placements, Faculty & Facilities
- Admission 2025 - Cutoffs, Eligibility & Dates
- Placement - Highest & Average Salary Package
- Cut off & Merit List 2025
- IIT Bombay Rankings
- Hostel & Campus Details & Reviews
- IIT Bombay Faculty
- Compare IIT Bombay
- IIT Bombay Q&A
- Scholarships
- JEE Advanced
- GATE
- IIT Bombay News & Articles
Know more about Programs
- Engineering
- Metallurgical Engineering
- B Tech (Bachelor of Technology)
- Instrumentation Technology
- Food Technology
- Aeronautical Engineering
- Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
- MTech in Computer Science Engineering
- VLSI Design
- Petroleum Engineering
- Aerospace Engineering
- BTech in Biotechnology Engineering
- Pharmaceutical engineering
- Silk Technology
- Microelectronics
Explore Colleges in this Location
- B.Tech colleges in Mumbai
- Engineering colleges in Mumbai
- B.Tech in Metallurgical Engineering colleges in Mumbai
- B.Tech in Materials Science colleges in Mumbai
- B.Tech colleges in Maharashtra
- Engineering colleges in Maharashtra
- B.Tech in Metallurgical Engineering colleges in Maharashtra
- B.Tech in Materials Science colleges in Maharashtra