CBSE 12th Commerce Syllabus 2023-24: Download Subject-wise Syllabus PDF

Partnership: features, Partnership Deed.

• Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed.
  Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts. Preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation account- division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits.
• Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary and profit sharing ratio).
  Goodwill: meaning, nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation - average profit, super profit and capitalization.
  Note: Interest on partner's loan is to be treated as a charge against profits.
  Goodwill: meaning, factors affecting, need for valuation, methods for calculation (average profits,
  super profits and capitalization), adjusted through partners capital/ current account. Accounting for Partnership firms - Reconstitution and Dissolution.
• Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio among the existing partners - sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio, accounting for the revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves, accumulated profits and losses. Preparation of revaluation account and balance sheet.
  Admission of a partner - effect of admission of a partner on change in the profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, treatment of reserves, accumulated profits and losses.
• Note:
  (i) If the realized value of tangible assets is not given it should be considered as realized at book value itself.
  (ii) If the realized value of intangible assets is not given it should be considered as nil (zero value).
  (ii) In case, the realization expenses are borne by a partner, clear indication should be given regarding the payment thereof. 

• Features and types of companies.
• Share and share capital: nature and types
• Accounting for share capital: issue and allotment of equity and preferences shares. Public subscription of shares - over subscription and under subscription of shares; issue at par and at premium, calls in advance and arrears (excluding interest), issue of shares for consideration other than cash.
• Concept of Private Placement and Employee stock Option Plan (ESOP), Sweat Equity.
• Accounting treatment of forfeiture and reissue of shares.
• Disclosure of share capital in the Balance Sheet of a company. Accounting for Debentures
• Debentures: Meaning, types, Issue of debentures at par, at a premium and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash; Issue of debentures with terms of redemption; debentures as collateral security-concept, interest on debentures (concept of TDS is excluded). Writing off discount / loss on issue of debentures.

• Financial Statement Analysis: Meaning, Significance Objectives, importance and limitations.

• Tools for Financial Statement Analysis: Comparative statements, common size statements, Ratio analysis, Cash flow analysis.

• Accounting Ratios: Meaning, Objectives, Advantages, classification and computation.

• Liquidity Ratios: Current ratio and Quick ratio.

• Solvency Ratios: Debt to Equity Ratio, Total Asset to Debt Ratio, Proprietary Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio. Debt to Capital Employed Ratio.

• Activity Ratios: Inventory Turnover Ratio, Trade Receivables Turnover Ratio, Trade Payables Turnover Ratio, Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio, Net Asset Turnover Ratio and Working Capital Turnover Ratio.

• Profitability Ratios: Gross Profit Ratio, Operating Ratio, Operating Profit Ratio, Net Profit Ratio and Return on Investment.

Part A

Principles and Functions of Management

1

Nature and Purpose of Business - Management - concept, objectives, and importance, Management as Science, Art and Profession, Levels of Management, Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling, Coordination- concept and importance

2

Principles of Management - Principles of Management - concept and significance, Fayol’s principles of management, Taylor’s Scientific management - principles
and techniques

3

Business Environment - Business Environment- concept and importance, Dimensions of Business Environment - Economic, Social, Technological, Political
and Legal Demonetization - concept and features 

4

Planning- Planning: Concept, importance and limitation, Planning process, Single use and Standing Plans. Objectives, Strategy, Policy, Procedure, Method, Rule,
Budget and Programme 

5

Organising - Organising: Concept and importance, Organising Process, Structure of organisation- functional and divisional concept. Formal and informal organization - concept, Delegation: concept, elements and importance, Decentralization: concept and importance

6

Staffing - Staffing: Concept and importance of staffing, Staffing as a part of Human Resource Management concept, Staffing process, Recruitment process, Selection – process, Training and Development - Concept and importance, Methods of training - on the job and off the job - vestibule training, apprenticeship training and internship
training 

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8

Part B

Business Finance & Marketing

7

Financial Management - Financial Management: Concept, role and
objectives, Financial decisions: investment, financing and dividend - Meaning and factors affecting, Financial Planning - concept and importance, Capital Structure – concept and factors affecting capital structure, Fixed and Working Capital - Concept and factors affecting their requirements

8

Financial Markets - Concept, Money Market: Concept, Capital market and its types (primary and secondary), Stock Exchange - Functions and trading procedure, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) - objectives and functions

9

Marketing Management - Marketing – Concept, functions and philosophies, Marketing Mix – Concept and elements, Product – branding, labelling and
packaging – Concept, Price - Concept, Factors determining price, Physical Distribution – concept, components and channels of distribution, Promotion – Concept and elements; Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion and Public Relations 

10

Consumer Protection - Consumer Protection: Concept and importance, Meaning of consumer Rights and responsibilities of consumers Who can file a complaint?
Redressal machinery Remedies available, Consumer awareness - Role of consumer
organizations and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) 

Unit I: Computational Thinking and Programming – 2

Unit II: II Computer Networks 

● Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking (ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET)
● Data communication terminologies: the concept of communication, components of data communication (sender,receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity of communication media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet switching)
● Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Fiber-optic cable), Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves)
● Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway, WIFI card)
● Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking topologies (Bus, Star, Tree)
● Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP
● Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting 

Unit III: Database Management

● Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need
● Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys (candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)
● Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not null, unique, primary key), create database, use database, show databases, drop database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter table (add and remove an attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete, select, operators (mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in, between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete command, aggregate functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause, joins: cartesian product on two tables, equi-join and natural join
● Interface of python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python, performing insert, update, delete queries using cursor, display data by using connect(), cursor(), execute(), commit(), fetchone(), fetchall(), rowcount, creating database connectivity applications, use of %s format specifier or format() to perform queries