BSEB 12th Syllabus 2025 (Available): Check Bihar Board Class 12 Syllabus for Science, Commerce and Arts!

Electrostatics

Electric Charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges, the electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field, etc. NCERT Solutions on Static Electricity

Current Electricity

Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge, etc. NCERT Solutions on electric current

Magnetic effect of Current and Magnetism

Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, Force on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic and electric fields, Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements, etc. NCERT Solutions on Magnetism and Matter

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage; reactance and impedance, etc. NCERT Solutions on Electromagnetic Induction 

NCERT Solutions on Alternating Current

Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature, Electromagnetic spectrum, including elementary facts about their uses, etc. NCERT Solutions on Electromagnetic Waves

Optics

Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications, lensmaker’s formula. Magnification, power of a lens, Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, a combination of thin lenses in contact, etc. NCERT Solutions on Optics

Dual Nature of Matter

Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation-particle nature of light, Davisson-Germer experiment, etc. NCERT Solution on Matter and Dual Nature

Atoms and Nuclei

Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum, Composition and size of nucleus, Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; atomic masses, isotopes, radioactive decay law, etc. NCERT Solutions on Atoms

NCERT Solutions on Nuclei

Electronic Devices

transistor as a switch, I-V characteristics of the transistor, transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration), the basic idea of analogue and digital signals, etc. NCERT Solution on Electronic Devices

Communication Systems

Propagation of electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere, amplitude modulation.

Production and detection of an amplitude-modulated wave, etc.

Unit 1: Solid State

Electrical and magnetic properties, Packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, etc. NCERT Solutions on Solid state

Unit 2: Solutions

Osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, Elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, abnormal molecular mass, etc NCERT Solutions on Solutions

Unit 3: Electrochemistry

Kohlrausch’s Law, lead accumulator, Conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific, variations of conductivity with concentration, etc.  NCERT Solutions on Electrochemistry

Unit 4: Chemical Kinetics

Integrated rate equations and half-life, the concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), etc NCERT Solutions on Chemical Kinetics

Unit 5: Surface Chemistry

Brownian movement, electrophoresis, Lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, coagulation, emulsion-types of emulsions, etc NCERT Soluion on Surface Chemistry

Unit 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron, Principles and methods of extraction – concentration, oxidation, reduction – electrolytic method and refining; etc

Unit 7: p-block Elements

Halides PCl3, Ozone, Sulphur-allotropic forms; Phosphorus – allotropic forms, Preparation properties and uses of sulphur-dioxide, etc. NCERT Solutions on p block elements

Unit 8: d and f-block elements

Magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, Metallic character, ionization enthalpy, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4, etc NCERT Solutions on d & f Block Elements

Unit 9: Coordination Compounds

IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Introduction, ligands, coordination number, Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, etc NCERT Solutions on Coordination Compounds

Unit 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, substitution reactions, etc NCERT Solutions on Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Unit 11: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

Mechanism of dehydration, physical and chemical properties, uses, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol, etc NCERT Solutions on Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

Unit 12: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical, uses, methods of preparation, etc NCERT Solutions on Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

Unit 13: Amines (Organic Compounds and containing Nitrogen)

Classification, structure, methods of preparation, secondary and tertiary amines, etc NCERT Solutions on Amines

Unit 14: Biomolecules

Monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen) importance, etc NCERT Solutions on Biomolecules

Unit 15: Polymers

Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers, etc, Some important polymers: natural and bakelite, rubber, etc NCERT Solutions on Polymers

Unit 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life

Tranquillizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antacids, antihistamines, artificial sweetening agents, etc

Unit 1: Sexual Reproduction

Pollination and fertilization in flowering plants

Development of seed and fruit

Human Reproduction, pregnancy and parturition

Unit 2: Genetics and Evolution

Chromosome theory of inheritance, Deviations from Mendelism ratio, Sex determination in human beings: XX, XY, Linkage and crossing over, etc

Unit 3: Biology & human welfare

Microbes in household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment and energy generation, Cancer and AIDS

Unit 4: Biotechnology and its Applications

Recombinant DNA technology

Applications in Health, Biosafety issues

Unit 5: Ecology and Environment

Organisms and Populations

Ecosystem, and Environmental Issues

Introduction to Partnership

Meaning and definitions, The Indian partnership Act 1932, Methods of capital accounts, Fixed Capital Method Fluctuating Capital Method, etc.

Partnership Final Accounts

Commission to working partner/ Managers on the basis of Gross profit, Closing stock, Outstanding expenses, Unrecorded purchases and sales, Bills Receivable dishonoured, Net profit, sales, etc.

Reconstitution of Partnership

Retirement/Death of a partner, Meaning, need, Adjustment of accumulated profits and losses, Revaluation of assets and liabilities, Adjustment of capital, Amount due to retiring partner, Death of a partner, Meaning and different ways of reconstitution, Admission of a partner, New ratio, Gain ratio, Treatment of goodwill, etc.

Dissolution of Partnership Firm

Simple dissolution, Dissolution under an Insolvency situation, etc.

Accounts of Not for Profit concerns

The capitalization of entrance fees, Creation of special funds out of donations, Introduction, meaning and features of Not for Profit concerns, General Donations, Specific Funds, Endowment fund, Receipts and Payments Account meaning and features, Depreciation, Stock of stationery, Sale of old assets, Scrap, Newspapers, Specific donation, etc.

Single entry system

Interest on capital, Interest on Drawings, Partners salary, Outstanding / Unpaid expenses, Undervaluation and Overvaluation of Assets and Liabilities, Interest on loan, Prepaid Expenses/ Expenses paid in advance

Bill of Exchange (Only Trade Bill)

Introduction, necessity, Meaning, Definition of Bill of Exchange, Draft/format of Bills, Parties to the Bill of Exchange, Acceptance of Bill, Terms of Bill, honour/dishonour, insolvency of the drawee/ acceptor

Company Accounts Part-I Accounting for shares

Share and share capital, Meaning, Private placement of shares. Public subscription of shares, Nature and Types.

Accounting for Share Capital: Issue and Allotment of Equity Shares

Company Accounts Part-II Accounting for Debentures

Debentures: Meaning, Issue of debentures at par, at a premium and at discount, Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash. Interest on Debentures, etc.

Analysis of financial statements

Cash flow analysis and Ratio analysis, Accounting Ratios: Meaning of objectives and classification of Ratios, Financial statement analysis: meaning, common-size statements, Introductions to current ratio, liquid ratio, Gross profit ratio, operating profit ratio, objectives and limitations, Tools for financial statement Analysis-meaning of comparative statements